collections.ChainMap类合并字典或映射

## 使用update()方法或者ChainMap类合并字典或映射

 1 # 使用update()方法合并
 2
 3 a = {‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3}
 4 b = {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4}
 5 merged = dict(b) # 创建一个新字典
 6 print(merged)
 7 # {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4}
 8 merged.update(a) # 更新字典数据(合并)
 9 print(merged)
10 # {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 3, ‘x‘: 1}
11
12 a[‘x‘] = 10     # 对原有字典的改变不会影响合并后的字典
13 print(merged)
14 # {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 3, ‘x‘: 1}
15
16
17
18 # 使用collections.ChainMap()类
19 from collections import ChainMap
20
21
22 a = {‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3}
23 b = {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4}
24 c = ChainMap(a, b)
25 print(c)
26 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3}, {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4})
27
28
29 # 数据的读取总是从第一个字典开始查找，找不到再从第二个中查找
30 print(c[‘x‘])
31 # 1
32 print(c[‘y‘])
33 # 2
34 print(c[‘z‘])
35 # 3
36
37
38 # 数据的增加或者删除操作总是针对第一个字典
39 c[‘w‘] = 4
40 print(c)
41 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3, ‘w‘: 4}, {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4})
42
43 del c[‘w‘]
44 print(c)
45 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3}, {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4})
46
47 del c[‘y‘]      # 无法删除第二个字典中的键值对
48 # KeyError: ‘y‘
49 # KeyError: "Key not found in the first mapping: ‘y‘"
50
51
52 # 对原有字典的操作会影响合并的字典
53 a = {‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3}
54 b = {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4}
55 c = ChainMap(a, b)
56 print(c)
57 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 1, ‘z‘: 3}, {‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 4})
58 print(c[‘x‘])
59 # 1
60 print(c[‘y‘])
61 # 2
62 print(c[‘z‘])
63 # 3
64
65 a[‘x‘] = 5  # 修改原有字典的值
66 print(c[‘x‘])  # 合并的字典受到影响
67 # 5
68
69
70 # ChainMap()对象支持大多数字典的操作
71 print(len(c))
72 # 3
73 print(list(c.keys()))
74 # [‘x‘, ‘y‘, ‘z‘]
75 print(list(c.values()))
76 # [5, 2, 3]
77
78
79 # 添加或删除新的字典
80 values = ChainMap()
81 values[‘x‘] = 1
82 values = values.new_child()  # 添加一个空白字典
83 print(values)
84 # ChainMap({}, {‘x‘: 1})
85 values[‘x‘] = 2  # 给空白字典添加内容
86 print(values)
87 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 2}, {‘x‘: 1})
88 values = values.new_child()
89 values[‘x‘] = 3
90 print(values)
91 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 3}, {‘x‘: 2}, {‘x‘: 1})
92
93 # 删除第一个字典
94 values = values.parents
95 print(values)
96 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 2}, {‘x‘: 1})
97 values = values.parents
98 print(values)
99 # ChainMap({‘x‘: 1})

参考资料：
　　Python Cookbook, 3rd edition, by David Beazley and Brian K. Jones (O’Reilly).

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hycstar/p/9352125.html