从GitHub得到完整项目（https://github.com/daleyzou/douban.git）
1、成果展示
数据库
本地海报图片
2、环境
（1）已安装Scrapy的Pycharm
(2)mysql
（3）连上网络的电脑
3、实体类设计
4、代码
items.py
1 class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item): 2 title = scrapy.Field() 3 bd = scrapy.Field() 4 star = scrapy.Field() 5 quote = scrapy.Field() 6 img_url = scrapy.Field() 7 pic_path = scrapy.Field()
doubanmovie.py(爬虫类)
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2 import scrapy
3
4 # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
5 from douban.items import DoubanItem
6 import sys
7 reload(sys)
8 sys.setdefaultencoding(‘utf-8‘)
9
10
11 class DoubanmovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
12 name = ‘doubanmovie‘
13 allowed_domains = [‘douban.com‘]
14 offset = 0
15 url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
16 start_urls = [url + str(offset),]
17
18 def parse(self, response):
19 item = DoubanItem()
20 movies = response.xpath("//div[ @class =‘info‘]")
21 links = response.xpath("//div[ @class =‘pic‘]//img/@src").extract()
22 for (each, link) in zip(movies,links):
23 # 标题
24 item[‘title‘] = each.xpath(‘.//span[@class ="title"][1]/text()‘).extract()[0]
25 # 信息
26 item[‘bd‘] = each.xpath(‘.//div[@ class ="bd"][1]/p/text()‘).extract()[0]
27 # 评分
28 item[‘star‘] = each.xpath(‘.//div[@class ="star"]/span[@ class ="rating_num"]/text()‘).extract()[0]
29 # 简介
30 quote = each.xpath(‘.//p[@ class ="quote"] / span / text()‘).extract()
31 # quote可能为空，因此需要先进行判断
32 if quote:
33 quote = quote[0]
34 else:
35 quote = ‘‘
36 item[‘quote‘] = quote
37 item[‘img_url‘] = link
38
39 yield item
40 if self.offset < 225:
41 self.offset += 25
42 yield scrapy.Request(self.url+str(self.offset), callback=self.parse)
43
pipelines.py
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2
3 import MySQLdb
4
5
6 from scrapy import Request
7 from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
8
9
10 class DoubanPipeline(object):
11
12 def __init__(self):
13 self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘localhost‘, port=3306, db=‘douban‘, user=‘root‘, passwd=‘root‘, charset=‘utf8‘)
14 self.cur = self.conn.cursor()
15
16 def process_item(self, item, spider):
17 print ‘--------------------------------------------‘
18 print item[‘title‘]
19 print ‘--------------------------------------------‘
20 try:
21 sql = "INSERT IGNORE INTO doubanmovies(title,bd,star,quote_mv,img_url) VALUES(\‘%s\‘,\‘%s\‘,%f,\‘%s\‘,\‘%s\‘)" %(item[‘title‘], item[‘bd‘], float(item[‘star‘]), item[‘quote‘], item[‘title‘]+".jpg")
22 self.cur.execute(sql)
23 self.conn.commit()
24 except Exception, e:
25 print "----------------------inserted faild!!!!!!!!-------------------------------"
26 print e.message
27 return item
28
29 def close_spider(self, spider):
30 print ‘-----------------------quit-------------------------------------------‘
31 # 关闭数据库连接
32 self.cur.close()
33 self.conn.close()
34
35
36 # 下载图片
37 class DownloadImagesPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
38 def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
39 image_url = item[‘img_url‘]
40 # 添加meta是为了下面重命名文件名使用
41 yield Request(image_url,meta={‘title‘: item[‘title‘]})
42
43 def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
44 title = request.meta[‘title‘] # 通过上面的meta传递过来item
45 image_guid = request.url.split(‘.‘)[-1]
46 filename = u‘{0}.{1}‘.format(title, image_guid)
47 print ‘++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++‘
48 print filename
49 print ‘++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++‘
50 return filename
51
52
53
middlewares.py
1 import random
2 import base64
3 from settings import USER_AGENTS
4 from settings import PROXIES
5
6 class RandomUserAgent(object):
7 def process_request(self, request, spider):
8 useragent = random.choice(USER_AGENTS)
9 request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent",useragent)
10
11
12 class RandomProxy(object):
13 def process_request(self, request, spider):
14 proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
15 print ‘---------------------‘
16 print proxy
17 if proxy[‘user_passwd‘] is None:
18 # 如果没有代理账户验证
19 request.meta[‘proxy‘] = "http://" + proxy[‘ip_port‘]
20 else:
21 base64_userpasswd = base64.b64encode(proxy[‘user_passwd‘])
22 # 对账户密码进行base64编码转换
23 request.meta[‘proxy‘] = "http://" + proxy[‘ip_port‘]
24 # 对应到代理服务器的信令格式里
25 request.headers[‘Proxy-Authorization‘] = ‘Basic ‘+ base64_userpasswd
26
解释HTTP代理使用base64编码
为什么HTTP代理要使用base64编码：
HTTP代理的原理很简单，就是通过HTTP协议与代理服务器建立连接，
协议信令中包含要连接到的远程主机的IP和端口号，如果有需要身份验证的话还需要加上授权信息，
服务器收到信令后首先进行身份验证，通过后便与远程主机建立连接，连接成功之后会返回给客户端200，
表示验证通过，就这么简单，下面是具体的信令格式：
CONNECT 59.64.128.198:21 HTTP/1.1
Host: 59.64.128.198:21
Proxy-Authorization: Basic bGV2I1TU5OTIz
User-Agent: OpenFetion
其中Proxy-Authorization是身份验证信息，
Basic后面的字符串是用户名和密码组合后进行base64编码的结果，
也就是对username:password进行base64编码。
HTTP/1.0 200 Connection established
OK，客户端收到收面的信令后表示成功建立连接，
接下来要发送给远程主机的数据就可以发送给代理服务器了，
代理服务器建立连接后会在根据IP地址和端口号对应的连接放入缓存，
收到信令后再根据IP地址和端口号从缓存中找到对应的连接，将数据通过该连接转发出去。
settings.py
1 USER_AGENTS = [
2 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1‘,
3 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3‘,
4 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12‘,
5 ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0)‘,
6 ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.2)‘,
7 ‘Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)‘,
8 ‘Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)‘,
9 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0 ‘,
10 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.1 Safari/525.13‘,
11 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/420.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0 Mobile/4A93 Safari/419.3‘,
12 ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.3; zh-cn; M032 Build/IML74K) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30‘
13 ]
14
15 PROXIES = [
16 {"ip_port":"202.103.14.155:8118","user_passwd":""},
17 {"ip_port":"110.73.11.21:8123","user_passwd":""}
18 ]
19 # Enable or disable extensions
20 # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
21 #EXTENSIONS = {
22 # ‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole‘: None,
23 #}
24
25 # Configure item pipelines
26 # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
27 ITEM_PIPELINES = {
28 ‘douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline‘: 1,
29 ‘douban.pipelines.DownloadImagesPipeline‘: 100
30 }
IMAGES_STORE = ‘D:\Python\Scrapy\douban\Images‘
5、运行
(1)打开本地MySQL数据库
（2）创建一个douban的数据库，并新建一个doubanmovie的表
（3）更改代码中连接到数据库代码中的端口、用户名、密码
（4）切换到项目目录下的/douban/douban/spiders中
（5）运行scrapy crawl doubanmovie
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/daleyzou/p/8325857.html
时间： 2024-10-10 02:55:21