背景
之前一直有朋友问，.Net Core + Linux环境有没有类似Windows服务的东西。其实是有的，我了解的方法有两种：
#1 创建一个ASP.Net Core的Web项目（如Web API），然后通过添加中间件（Middleware）的方式来启动任务；
#2 创建一个.Net Core的项目，添加Host，Dependency Injection，Configuration等组件，然后通过Main方法或中间件的方式启动服务。
但是，上述两种方法都有点不足，如：
#1 会把Web的生命周期引进来，但实际上，我们并不需要Web的功能，如Controller；
#2 本身是没有问题的，但是对开发者的要求相对高一点点，需要对.Net Core的各个组成部分都有一定的认识，简而言之，门槛有一丢丢高。
.Net Core 2.1推出了一个Generic Host的概念，可以很好的解决上面两种方法的不足：
至于为什么选择Quartz来做调度，我想可能是因为情怀吧，因为之前是用的TopShelf+Quartz，其实Hangfire也不错。
使用Hosted Service
1. 创建一个控制台程序。
2. 添加Host Nuget包。
Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting -Version 2.1.0Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileExtensions -Version 2.1.0Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json -Version 2.1.0Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables -Version 2.1.0Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.CommandLine -Version 2.1.0Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console -Version 2.1.0Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug -Version 2.1.0
3. 添加一个基于Timer的简单Hosted Service（用于简单演示），继承IHostedService。
internal class TimedHostedService : IHostedService, IDisposable
{
private readonly ILogger _logger;
private Timer _timer;
public TimedHostedService(ILogger<TimedHostedService> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
_logger.LogInformation("Timed Background Service is starting.");
_timer = new Timer(DoWork, null, TimeSpan.Zero, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
private void DoWork(object state)
{
_logger.LogInformation(string.Format("[{0:yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss}]Timed Background Service is working.", DateTime.Now));
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
_logger.LogInformation("Timed Background Service is stopping.");
_timer?.Change(Timeout.Infinite, 0);
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public void Dispose()
{
_timer?.Dispose();
}
}
4. Main函数中添加Host的相关代码。
var host = new HostBuilder()
.ConfigureHostConfiguration(configHost =>
{
configHost.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); //configHost.AddJsonFile("hostsettings.json", true, true);
configHost.AddEnvironmentVariables("ASPNETCORE_");
//configHost.AddCommandLine(args);
})
.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostContext, configApp) =>
{
configApp.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true);
configApp.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{hostContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json", true);
configApp.AddEnvironmentVariables();
//configApp.AddCommandLine(args);
})
.ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
{
services.AddLogging();
services.AddHostedService<TimedHostedService>();
})
.ConfigureLogging((hostContext, configLogging) =>
{
configLogging.AddConsole();
if (hostContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName == EnvironmentName.Development)
{
configLogging.AddDebug();
}
})
.UseConsoleLifetime()
.Build();
host.Run();
5. 查看结果
6. 代码解析
a. Host配置
.ConfigureHostConfiguration(configHost =>
{
//配置根目录
configHost.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
//读取host的配置json，和appsetting类似，暂不需要先注释掉，可根据需要开启
//configHost.AddJsonFile("hostsettings.json", true, true);
//读取环境变量，Asp.Net core默认的环境变量是以ASPNETCORE_作为前缀的，这里也采用此前缀以保持一致
configHost.AddEnvironmentVariables("ASPNETCORE_");
//可以在启动host的时候之前可传入参数，暂不需要先注释掉，可根据需要开启
//configHost.AddCommandLine(args);
})
b. App配置
.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostContext, configApp) =>
{
//读取应用的配置json
configApp.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true);
//读取应用特定环境下的配置json
configApp.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{hostContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json", true);
//读取环境变量
configApp.AddEnvironmentVariables();
//可以在启动host的时候之前可传入参数，暂不需要先注释掉，可根据需要开启
//configApp.AddCommandLine(args);
})
c. 配置服务及依赖注入注册，注：没有Middleware的配置了。
.ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
{
//添加日志Service
services.AddLogging();
//添加Timer Hosted Service
services.AddHostedService<TimedHostedService>();
})
d. 日志配置
.ConfigureLogging((hostContext, configLogging) =>
{
//输出控制台日志
configLogging.AddConsole();
//开发环境输出Debug日志
if (hostContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName == EnvironmentName.Development)
{
configLogging.AddDebug();
}
})
e. 使用控制台生命周期
.UseConsoleLifetime() //使用Ctrl + C退出
其它详细的可参考：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/host/generic-host?view=aspnetcore-2.1
使用Quartz
1. 添加Host Nuget包。
Install-Package Quartz -Version 3.0.5 Install-Package Quartz.Plugins -Version 3.0.5
2. Quartz配置。
之前Quartz的配置是放在quartz.config里面的，但我更喜欢使用appsettings.json，因此，把配置改成了从appsettings.json。
先建一个QuartzOption的类：
/// <summary>
/// 更多设置请参考：https://github.com/quartznet/quartznet/blob/master/src/Quartz/Impl/StdSchedulerFactory.cs
/// </summary>
public class QuartzOption
{
public QuartzOption(IConfiguration config)
{
if (config == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(config));
}
var section = config.GetSection("quartz");
section.Bind(this);
}
public Scheduler Scheduler { get; set; }
public ThreadPool ThreadPool { get; set; }
public Plugin Plugin { get; set; }
public NameValueCollection ToProperties()
{
var properties = new NameValueCollection
{
["quartz.scheduler.instanceName"] = Scheduler?.InstanceName,
["quartz.threadPool.type"] = ThreadPool?.Type,
["quartz.threadPool.threadPriority"] = ThreadPool?.ThreadPriority,
["quartz.threadPool.threadCount"] = ThreadPool?.ThreadCount.ToString(),
["quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.type"] = Plugin?.JobInitializer?.Type,
["quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.fileNames"] = Plugin?.JobInitializer?.FileNames
};
return properties;
}
}
public class Scheduler
{
public string InstanceName { get; set; }
}
public class ThreadPool
{
public string Type { get; set; }
public string ThreadPriority { get; set; }
public int ThreadCount { get; set; }
}
public class Plugin
{
public JobInitializer JobInitializer { get; set; }
}
public class JobInitializer
{
public string Type { get; set; }
public string FileNames { get; set; }
}
3. 重写JobFactory。
public class JobFactory : IJobFactory
{
private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;
public JobFactory(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
_serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
}
public IJob NewJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, IScheduler scheduler)
{
var job = _serviceProvider.GetService(bundle.JobDetail.JobType) as IJob;
return job;
}
public void ReturnJob(IJob job)
{
}
}
4. 编写Quartz Hosted Service
public class QuartzService : IHostedService
{
private readonly ILogger _logger;
private readonly IScheduler _scheduler;
public QuartzService(ILogger<QuartzService> logger, IScheduler scheduler)
{
_logger = logger;
_scheduler = scheduler;
}
public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
_logger.LogInformation("开始Quartz调度...");
await _scheduler.Start(cancellationToken);
}
public async Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
_logger.LogInformation("停止Quartz调度...");
await _scheduler.Shutdown(cancellationToken);
}
}
5. 准备appsettings.json
{
"quartz": {
"scheduler": {
"instanceName": "HostedService.Quartz"
},
"threadPool": {
"type": "Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz",
"threadPriority": "Normal",
"threadCount": 10
},
"plugin": {
"jobInitializer": {
"type": "Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz.Plugins",
"fileNames": "quartz_jobs.xml"
}
}
}
}
6. 编写一个TestJob
public class TestJob : IJob
{
private readonly ILogger _logger;
public TestJob(ILogger<TestJob> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
public Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
_logger.LogInformation(string.Format("[{0:yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss:ffffff}]任务执行！", DateTime.Now));
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
7. 准备Quartz的调度文件quartz_jobs.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<job-scheduling-data xmlns="http://quartznet.sourceforge.net/JobSchedulingData"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
version="2.0">
<processing-directives>
<overwrite-existing-data>true</overwrite-existing-data>
</processing-directives>
<schedule>
<job>
<name>TestJob</name>
<group>TestGroup</group>
<description>测试任务</description>
<job-type>HostedService.Quartz.Jobs.TestJob, HostedService.Quartz</job-type>
<durable>true</durable>
<recover>false</recover>
</job>
<trigger>
<simple>
<name>TestTrigger</name>
<group>TestGroup</group>
<description>测试触发器</description>
<job-name>TestJob</job-name>
<job-group>TestGroup</job-group>
<repeat-count>-1</repeat-count>
<repeat-interval>2000</repeat-interval>
</simple>
</trigger>
<!--<trigger>
<cron>
<name>TestTrigger</name>
<group>TestGroup</group>
<description>测试触发器</description>
<job-name>TestJob</job-name>
<job-group>TestGroup</job-group>
<cron-expression>0/2 * * * * ?</cron-expression>
</cron>
</trigger>-->
</schedule>
</job-scheduling-data>
8. 注册Quartz Hosted Service和TestJob
.ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
{
services.AddLogging();
//services.AddHostedService<TimedHostedService>();
services.AddSingleton<IJobFactory, JobFactory>();
services.AddSingleton(provider =>
{
var option = new QuartzOption(hostContext.Configuration);
var sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(option.ToProperties());
var scheduler = sf.GetScheduler().Result;
scheduler.JobFactory = provider.GetService<IJobFactory>();
return scheduler;
});
services.AddHostedService<QuartzService>();
services.AddSingleton<TestJob, TestJob>();
})
9. 查看结果
10. 补充说明。
Generic Service默认的环境是Production，如果想使用Development环境，可以在项目属性的Debug页签中添加环境变量来实现。
源码地址
https://github.com/ErikXu/.NetCoreTips/tree/master/HostedService.Quartz
便捷使用
https://www.nuget.org/packages/Quartz.HostedService/
https://github.com/ErikXu/Quartz.HostedService
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Erik_Xu/p/9219307.html