python时间和日期处理

时间概念

时间戳：格林威治时间1970年01月01日00分00秒（北京时间1970年01月01日08时00分00秒）起至现在的总秒数
元组struct_time：python定义了一个时间类，包含9个属性：

五种时间形式

>>> import time

>>> time.time()     # 时间戳
1569851683.5405068
>>> time.localtime()    # struct_time类型的本地时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=21, tm_min=55, tm_sec=10, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=273, tm_isdst=0)
>>> time.gmtime()       # struct_time类型的utc时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=13, tm_min=55, tm_sec=25, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=273, tm_isdst=0)
>>> datetime.now()              # datetime类型的本地时间
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 23, 34, 31, 572628)
>>>datetime.utcnow()                # datetime类型的utc时间
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 15, 35, 36, 275686) 

时间形式的相互转化

>>> import time
>>> import calendar
>>> from datetime import datetime

>>> time_stamp = time.time()
>>> local_time = time.localtime()
>>> utc_time = time.gmtime()
>>> local_datetime = datetime.now()
>>> utc_datetime = datetime.utcnow()

>>> time.localtime(time_stamp)  # 时间戳 --> struct_time类型的本地时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=22, tm_min=10, tm_sec=37, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=273, tm_isdst=0)

>>> time.gmtime(time_stamp) # 时间戳 --> struct_time类型的utc时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=14, tm_min=10, tm_sec=37, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=273, tm_isdst=0)

>>> time.mktime(local_time)    # struct_time类型的本地时间 --> 时间戳
1569856100.0

>>> calendar.timegm(utc_time)  # struct_time类型的utc时间 --> 时间戳
1569856340

>>> local_time.timestamp()     # datetime类型的本地时间 --> 时间戳
1569857909.824448

>>> datetime.fromtimestamp(time_stamp)        # 时间戳 --> datetime类型的本地时间
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 22, 10, 37, 822788)

>>> datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time_stamp)     # 时间戳 --> datetime类型的utc时间
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 14, 10, 37, 822788)

>>> local_datetime.timetuple()                # datetime类型的本地时间 -- > struct_time类型的本地时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=23, tm_min=42, tm_sec=27, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=273, tm_isdst=-1)

>>> utc_datetime.utctimetuple()              # # datetime类型的utc时间 -- > struct_time类型的utc时间
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=30, tm_hour=15, tm_min=44, tm_sec=19, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=273, tm_isdst=0)

时间形式转化为字符串

>>> import time
>>> from datetime import datetime

>>> time_stamp = time.time()
>>> local_time = time.localtime()
>>> utc_time = time.gmtime()

>>> time.ctime(time_stamp)    # 时间戳 --> 本地时间字符串
'Mon Sep 30 22:10:37 2019'
>>> time.asctime(local_time)  # struct_time类型的本地时间 --> 字符串
'Mon Sep 30 23:00:26 2019'
>>> time.asctime(utc_time)    # struct_time类型的utc时间 --> 字符串
'Mon Sep 30 15:03:30 2019'

>>> time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S, %w', local_time())  # struct_time类型的本地时间 --> 自定义字符串
'2019-09-30 23:15:14, 1'
>>> time.strftime('%d/%m/%Y', utc_time)                   # struct_time类型的utc时间 --> 自定义字符串
'30/09/2019'

>>> datetime.strptime('2019-09-30 23:20:00, 1', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S, %w')  # 字符串 --> datetime.datetime格式(字符串与时间格式要完全一致)
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 23, 20)

datetime类型时间

import datetime

>>> today = datetime.datetime.now()  # datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 23, 48, 6, 74148)
>>> int(today.strftime('%w'))  # 1(周一) ~ 7(周日)
1

日期的加减法

>>> today + datetime.timedelta(days=1)       # +1天
datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 1, 23, 48, 6, 74148)
>>> today + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)    # +1分钟
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 23, 49, 6, 74148)
>>> today - datetime.timedelta(seconds=3600)  # -3600秒
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 30, 22, 48, 6, 74148)

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ericccc/p/11614572.html