1、实现功能
向关注了微信公众号的微信用户群发消息。（可以是所有的用户，也可以是提供了微信openid的微信用户集合）
2、基本步骤
前提：
已经有认证的公众号或者测试公众账号
发送消息步骤：
- 发送一个请求微信去获取access_token
- 发送一个请求去请求微信发送消息
相关微信接口的信息可以查看：http://www.cnblogs.com/0201zcr/p/5866296.html 有测试账号的申请 + 获取access_token和发送微信消息的url和相关的参数需求。各个参数的意义等。
3、实践
这里通过HttpClient发送请求去微信相关的接口。
1）maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.3.1</version>
</dependency>
2）httpClient使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。
- 创建HttpClient对象。
- 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
- 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
- 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
- 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
- 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接——这里使用了连接池，可以交给连接池去处理
3）实例
1、发送请求的类
import com.alibaba.druid.support.json.JSONUtils;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.logging.Log;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.logging.LogFactory;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.seewo.core.util.json.JsonUtils;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.HashedMap;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnRoutePNames;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import javax.security.cert.CertificateException;
import javax.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by zhengcanrui on 16/9/20.
*/
public class WechatAPIHander {
/**
* 获取token接口
*/
private String getTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}";
/**
* 拉微信用户信息接口
*/
private String getUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token={0}&openid={1}";
/**
* 主动推送信息接口(群发)
*/
private String sendMsgUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token={0}";
private HttpClient webClient;
private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
public void initWebClient(String proxyHost, int proxyPort){
this.initWebClient();
if(webClient != null && !StringUtils.isEmpty(proxyHost)){
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost(proxyHost, proxyPort);
webClient.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY, proxy);
}
}
/**
* @desc 初始化创建 WebClient
*/
public void initWebClient() {
log.info("initWebClient start....");
try {
PoolingClientConnectionManager tcm = new PoolingClientConnectionManager();
tcm.setMaxTotal(10);
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[0];
}
};
ctx.init(null, new X509TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx, SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
Scheme sch = new Scheme("https", 443, ssf);
tcm.getSchemeRegistry().register(sch);
webClient = new DefaultHttpClient(tcm);
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("initWebClient exception", ex);
} finally {
log.info("initWebClient end....");
}
}
/**
* @desc 获取授权token
* @param appid
* @param secret
* @return
*/
public String getAccessToken(String appid, String secret) {
String accessToken = null;
try {
log.info("getAccessToken start.{appid=" + appid + ",secret:" + secret + "}");
String url = MessageFormat.format(this.getTokenUrl, appid, secret);
String response = executeHttpGet(url);
Map map = JsonUtils.jsonToMap(response);
accessToken = (String) map.get("access_token");
/* Object Object = JSONUtils.parse(response);
accessToken = jsonObject.getString("access_token");*/
// accessToken = JsonUtils.read(response, "access_token");
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("get access toekn exception", e);
}
return accessToken;
}
/**
* @desc 推送信息
* @param token
* @param msg
* @return
*/
public String sendMessage(String token,String msg){
try{
log.info("\n\nsendMessage start.token:"+token+",msg:"+msg);
String url = MessageFormat.format(this.sendMsgUrl, token);
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
ResponseHandler<?> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler();
//这里必须是一个合法的json格式数据,每个字段的意义可以查看上面连接的说明,content后面的test是要发送给用户的数据,这里是群发给所有人
msg = "{\"filter\":{\"is_to_all\":true},\"text\":{\"content\":\"test\"},\"msgtype\":\"text\"}\"";
//设置发送消息的参数
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(msg);
//解决中文乱码的问题
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
post.setEntity(entity);
//发送请求
String response = (String) this.webClient.execute(post, responseHandler);
log.info("return response=====start======");
log.info(response);
log.info("return response=====end======");
return response;
}catch (Exception e) {
log.error("get user info exception", e);
return null;
}
}
/**
* @desc 发起HTTP GET请求返回数据
* @param url
* @return
* @throws IOException
* @throws ClientProtocolException
*/
private String executeHttpGet(String url) throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
ResponseHandler<?> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler();
String response = (String) this.webClient.execute(new HttpGet(url), responseHandler);
log.info("return response=====start======");
log.info(response);
log.info("return response=====end======");
return response;
}
}
2、Controller和Service层调用
@RequestMapping(value = "/testHttpClient", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public DataMap test() {
WechatAPIHander wechatAPIHander = new WechatAPIHander();
//获取access_token //第一个参数是你appid，第二个参数是你的秘钥，需要根据你的具体情况换
String accessToken = wechatAPIHander.getAccessToken("appid","scerpt");
//发送消息
wechatAPIHander.sendMessage(accessToken, "测试数据");
return new DataMap().addAttribute("DATA",accessToken);
}
3、结果
假如你关注了微信公众号中看到你刚刚发送的test消息。
HttpClient学习文档：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1miO1eOg
致谢：感谢您的阅读
时间： 2024-11-16 09:31:26