Netty 是一个基于 JAVA NIO 类库的异步通信框架，它的架构特点是：异步非阻塞、基于事件驱动、高性能、高可靠性和高可定制性。换句话说，Netty是一个NIO框架，使用它可以简单快速地开发网络应用程序，比如客户端和服务端的协议。Netty大大简化了网络程序的开发过程比如TCP和UDP的 Socket的开发。Netty 已逐渐成为 Java NIO 编程的首选框架，Netty中，通讯的双方建立连接后，会把数据按照ByteBuf的方式进行传输，因此我们在构建Http服务器的时候就是通过HttpRequestDecoder对ByteBuf数据流进行处理，转换成http的对象。代码如下：
maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
HttpServer类
package com.example.demo.netty;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
public class HttpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8080).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
HttpServerHandler类
package com.example.demo.netty;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder;
class HttpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
// 请求，解码器将请求转换成HttpRequest对象
HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) msg;
// 获取请求参数
QueryStringDecoder queryStringDecoder = new QueryStringDecoder(request.uri());
String name = "netty";
if(queryStringDecoder.parameters().get("name") != null) {
name = queryStringDecoder.parameters().get("name").get(0);
}
// 响应HTML
String responseHtml = "<html><body>Hello, " + name + "</body></html>";
byte[] responseBytes = responseHtml.getBytes("UTF-8");
int contentLength = responseBytes.length;
// 构造FullHttpResponse对象，FullHttpResponse包含message body
FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(responseBytes));
response.headers().set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8");
response.headers().set("Content-Length", Integer.toString(contentLength));
ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
}
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
运行HttpServer中main方法，启动httpServer，打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8080?name=zhangsan ，结果如下：
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hhhshct/p/8580354.html
时间： 2024-10-06 18:54:44