Android Manifest.xml 之 Intent-filter

开始前先post出最简单的AndroidManifest.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    package="com.example.android.actionbarcompat.basic"

    android:versionCode="1"

    android:versionName="1.0">
<!-- ActionBarCompat provides an Action Bar from API v7 onwards -->

    <uses-sdk

        android:minSdkVersion="7"

        android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<application

        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

        android:label="@string/app_name"

        android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat"

        android:allowBackup="true">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">

            <!-- Launcher Intent filter -->

            <intent-filter>

                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>

        </activity>

    </application>
</manifest>

　　Android核心组件（Activity,Service,Broadcast
Receiver)通过Intent来激活，Intent描述了actioin，data等信息；在某个component被激活前，要提前写好该component能处理那些Intent，这就需要在AndroidManifest.xml
里<intent-filter></intent-filter>标签内写好。

<intent-filter>...</intent-filter>省略号可以有以下内容:

• action -- The general action to be performed, such
  as ACTION_VIEW, ACTION_EDIT, ACTION_MAIN,
  etc.



• data -- The data to operate on, such as a person
  record in the contacts database, expressed as a Uri.

• category -- Gives additional information about the
  action to execute. For example, CATEGORY_LAUNCHER means
  it should appear in the Launcher as a top-level application,
  while CATEGORY_ALTERNATIVE means
  it should be included in a list of alternative actions the user can perform on
  a piece of data.


• type -- Specifies an explicit type (a MIME type) of
  the intent data. Normally the type is inferred from the data itself. By
  setting this attribute, you disable that evaluation and force an explicit
  type.


• component -- Specifies an explicit name of a
  component class to use for the intent. Normally this is determined by looking
  at the other information in the intent (the action, data/type, and categories)
  and matching that with a component that can handle it. If this attribute is
  set then none of the evaluation is performed, and this component is used
  exactly as is. By specifying this attribute, all of the other Intent
  attributes become optional.


• extras -- This is a Bundle of
  any additional information. This can be used to provide extended information
  to the component. For example, if we have a action to send an e-mail message,
  we could also include extra pieces of data here to supply a subject, body,
  etc.