转自:https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/87285673
为路由提供HystrixFallback
当Zuul中某一个路由的断路器被断开时,你可以通过创建一个FallbackProvider类型的Bean来为它提供一个Fallback响应。在这个Bean中你需要指定Fallback响应所对应的路由的ID并提供一个ClientHttpResponse作为返回的Fallback响应,下面是一个FallbackProvider实现的实例。
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.netflix.hystrix.exception.HystrixTimeoutException; @Component public class MessageFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider { @Override public String getRoute() { return "zuul-msg"; } @Override public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, final Throwable cause) { if (cause instanceof HystrixTimeoutException) { return response(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT); } else { return response(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR); } } private ClientHttpResponse response(final HttpStatus status) { return new ClientHttpResponse() { @Override public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException { return status; } @Override public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException { return status.value(); } @Override public String getStatusText() throws IOException { return status.getReasonPhrase(); } @Override public void close() { } @Override public InputStream getBody() throws IOException { return new ByteArrayInputStream("消息服务暂时不可用,请稍后重试!".getBytes()); } @Override public HttpHeaders getHeaders() { HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); return headers; } }; } }
路由的配置信息如下:
zuul: routes: message-service: /zuul-msg/**
当message-service服务调用失败时,返回结果见下图。
如果你想为所有的路由提供一个默认的Fallback,可以创建一个FallbackProvider Bean并将它的getRoute() 方法的返回值设置为 “*”或者 null。
class MyFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider { @Override public String getRoute() { return "*"; } @Override public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable throwable) { return new ClientHttpResponse() { @Override public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException { return HttpStatus.OK; } @Override public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException { return 200; } @Override public String getStatusText() throws IOException { return "OK"; } @Override public void close() { } @Override public InputStream getBody() throws IOException { return new ByteArrayInputStream("fallback".getBytes()); } @Override public HttpHeaders getHeaders() { HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); return headers; } }; } }
重写Location头信息
如果Zuul面向的是一个Web应用,那么你可能会碰到需要重写Location请求头的情况,你只需要创建一个LocationRewriteFilter类型Bean即可。
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.post.LocationRewriteFilter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @EnableZuulProxy public class ZuulConfig { @Bean public LocationRewriteFilter locationRewriteFilter() { return new LocationRewriteFilter(); } }
注意:此过滤器会作用于所有响应状态码为 3XX 的Location头信息,这并不一定适用于所有的场景,比如重定向到外部URL。
启用跨域请求
默认情况下,Zuul会把所有的Cross Origin requests (CORS,跨域请求)路由给相应的服务,如果你想代替Zuul自己来处理这些请求,你可以提供一个自定义的 WebMvcConfigurer Bean:
@Bean public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() { return new WebMvcConfigurer() { public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { registry.addMapping("/path-1/**").allowedOrigins("http://allowed-origin.com").allowedMethods("GET", "POST"); } }; }
在这个例子中,我们允许从 http://allowed-origin.com 向Zuul中以 path-1 开头的终端发送 GET和POST类型的跨域请求。你既可以将 CORS 配置作用于指定的路径,也可以使用 /** 让它作用于整个应用。你可以在其中配置以下属性:allowedOrigins、allowedMethods、allowedHeaders、exposedHeaders、allowCredentials、maxAge。
创建前置过滤器
前置过滤器对RequestContext中的数据进行设置,并提供给下游的过滤器使用,它的最主要的用途就是对路由过滤器所需的信息进行设置。
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; public class QueryParamPreFilter extends ZuulFilter { @Override public int filterOrder() { return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER - 1; // run before PreDecoration } @Override public String filterType() { return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); return !ctx.containsKey(FilterConstants.FORWARD_TO_KEY) // a filter has already forwarded && !ctx.containsKey(FilterConstants.SERVICE_ID_KEY); // a filter has already determined serviceId } @Override public Object run() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); if (request.getParameter("sample") != null) { // put the serviceId in `RequestContext` ctx.put(FilterConstants.SERVICE_ID_KEY, request.getParameter("foo")); } return null; } }
创建路由过滤器
路由过滤器在前置过滤器之后运行,并负责构造需要发送给其他服务的请求。它在这的主要工作是:把请求数据传送至客户端所需要的 model 中,并把客户端 model 中的内容转换成响应数据返回。
import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ProxyRequestHelper; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants; import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap; import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import okhttp3.Headers; import okhttp3.MediaType; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Request; import okhttp3.RequestBody; import okhttp3.Response; import okhttp3.internal.http.HttpMethod; public class OkHttpRoutingFilter extends ZuulFilter { @Autowired private ProxyRequestHelper helper; @Override public String filterType() { return FilterConstants.ROUTE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return FilterConstants.SIMPLE_HOST_ROUTING_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return RequestContext.getCurrentContext().getRouteHost() != null && RequestContext.getCurrentContext().sendZuulResponse(); } @Override public Object run() { OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder().build(); // customize RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = context.getRequest(); String method = request.getMethod(); String uri = this.helper.buildZuulRequestURI(request); Headers.Builder headers = new Headers.Builder(); Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames(); while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) { String name = headerNames.nextElement(); Enumeration<String> values = request.getHeaders(name); while (values.hasMoreElements()) { String value = values.nextElement(); headers.add(name, value); } } try { InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); RequestBody requestBody = null; if (inputStream != null && HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(method)) { MediaType mediaType = null; if (headers.get("Content-Type") != null) { mediaType = MediaType.parse(headers.get("Content-Type")); } requestBody = RequestBody.create(mediaType, StreamUtils.copyToByteArray(inputStream)); } Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().headers(headers.build()).url(uri).method(method, requestBody); Response response = httpClient.newCall(builder.build()).execute(); LinkedMultiValueMap<String, String> responseHeaders = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : response.headers().toMultimap().entrySet()) { responseHeaders.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } this.helper.setResponse(response.code(), response.body().byteStream(), responseHeaders); context.setRouteHost(null); // prevent SimpleHostRoutingFilter from running } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
创建后置过滤器
后置过滤器通常是用来对响应进行处理,例如下面这个过滤器添加了一个UUID作为 X-Sample 的头内容。
import java.util.UUID; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; public class AddResponseHeaderFilter extends ZuulFilter { @Override public String filterType() { return FilterConstants.POST_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return FilterConstants.SEND_RESPONSE_FILTER_ORDER - 1; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } @Override public Object run() { RequestContext context = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletResponse servletResponse = context.getResponse(); servletResponse.addHeader("X-Sample", UUID.randomUUID().toString()); return null; } }
Zuul错误处理
在Zuul过滤器生命周期的任一阶段一旦出现异常,错误过滤器就会执行。SendErrorFilter 只会在RequestContext.getThrowable() 不是 null 的时候运行。它会在请求中设置一些特定的 javax.servlet.error.* 属性并将请求转向Springboot的错误页面。
应用上下文饿加载
Zuul 在内部使用的是Ribbon 对远程url进行调用。默认情况下,Ribbon客户端会在Spring Cloud第一次调用时进行懒加载。如果需要在应用启动时就进行加载,可以做如下配置。
zuul: ribbon: eager-load: enabled: true
请求失败重试
Spring Cloud Netflix 提供了很多种方法用来创建 HTTP 请求,你可以使用负载均衡的RestTemplate、Ribbon 或者 Feign ,但无论你选择了哪一种,都有可能会出现请求失败的情况。当一个请求失败时,你可能会希望它自动地进行重试,要实现这一点的话,你需要把 Spring Retry 添加到你的classpath ,然后,负载均衡的RestTemplate、Ribbon 、 Feign 以及 Zuul 就会对所有失败的请求自动进行重试(前提是你的配置允许它这样做的话)。
补偿策略
默认情况下,重试请求是没有补偿策略的,如果你想要配置一个补偿策略,你需要为指定的服务创建一个 LoadBalancedRetryFactory 类型的Bean,并重写它的 createBackOffPolicy 方法。
@Configuration public class MyConfiguration { @Bean LoadBalancedRetryFactory retryFactory() { return new LoadBalancedRetryFactory() { @Override public BackOffPolicy createBackOffPolicy(String service) { return new ExponentialBackOffPolicy(); } }; } }
相关配置
在使用Ribbon进行重试时,你可以使用下面前三个个Ribbon配置项对重试的功能进行控制。
# Max number of retries on the same server (excluding the first try) sample-client.ribbon.MaxAutoRetries=1 # Max number of next servers to retry (excluding the first server) sample-client.ribbon.MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1 # Whether all operations can be retried for this client sample-client.ribbon.OkToRetryOnAllOperations=true # Interval to refresh the server list from the source sample-client.ribbon.ServerListRefreshInterval=2000 # Connect timeout used by Apache HttpClient sample-client.ribbon.ConnectTimeout=3000 # Read timeout used by Apache HttpClient sample-client.ribbon.ReadTimeout=3000 # Initial list of servers, can be changed via Archaius dynamic property at runtime sample-client.ribbon.listOfServers=www.microsoft.com:80,www.yahoo.com:80,www.google.com:80
另外,如果你想当返回的响应的状态码为某些值的时候才进行重试,你可以使用 clientName.ribbon.retryableStatusCodes 把那些需要Ribbon客户端进行重试的状态码列举出来。
clientName: ribbon: retryableStatusCodes: 404,502
或者创建一个 LoadBalancedRetryPolicy 类型的Bean ,并实现它的retryableStatusCode方法。
禁用重试
# 全部禁用 zuul.retryable=false # 禁用指定路由 zuul.routes.routename.retryable=false
参考文章
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-retry
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-netflix/single/spring-cloud-netflix.html#netflix-zuul-starter
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wjqhuaxia/p/11828747.html