准备：
配置：settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
‘rest_framework‘,
]
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘,
‘NAME‘: ‘dg_proj‘,
‘USER‘: ‘root‘,
‘PASSWORD‘: ‘123‘,
}
}
LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans‘
TIME_ZONE = ‘Asia/Shanghai‘
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
MEDIA_URL = ‘/media/‘
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘media‘)
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 全局配置异常模块
‘EXCEPTION_HANDLER‘: ‘api.exception.exception_handler‘,
}
任何__init__文件
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
主路由
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^api/‘, include(‘api.urls‘)),
url(r‘^media/(?P<path>.*)‘, serve, {‘document_root‘:settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
]
子路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^books/$‘,views.Book.as_view()),
url(r‘^books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘,views.Book.as_view()),
]
model 类 多表设计
# 基表
class BaseModel(models.Model):
is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# 作为基表的model不能在数据库形成对应的表，设置abstract=True
class Meta:
abstract = True
class Book(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
img = models.ImageField(upload_to=‘img‘, default=‘img/default.jpg‘)
publish = models.ForeignKey(
to=‘Publish‘,
db_constraint=False, # 断关联
related_name=‘books‘, # 反向查询字段：publish_obj.books 就能访问所有出版的书
on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, # 设置连表操作关系
)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(
to=‘Author‘,
db_constraint=False,
related_name=‘books‘
)
@property
def publish_name(self):
return self.publish.name
@property
def author_list(self):
return self.authors.values(‘name‘, ‘age‘, ‘detail__mobile‘).all()
class Meta:
db_table = ‘book‘
verbose_name = ‘书籍‘
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Publish(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
address = models.CharField(max_length=64)
class Meta:
db_table = ‘publish‘
verbose_name = ‘出版社‘
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField()
class Meta:
db_table = ‘author‘
verbose_name = ‘作者‘
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class AuthorDetail(BaseModel):
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11)
author = models.OneToOneField(
to=‘Author‘,
db_constraint=False,
related_name=‘detail‘,
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
)
class Meta:
db_table = ‘author_detail‘
verbose_name = ‘作者详情‘
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return ‘%s的详情‘ % self.author.name
admin.py 中注册
from . import models admin.site.register(models.Author) admin.site.register(models.AuthorDetail) admin.site.register(models.Book) admin.site.register(models.Publish)
序列化
序列化层：api/serializers.py
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer,SerializerMethodField
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from . import models
# 可以单独作为Publish接口的序列化类，也可以作为Book序列化外键publish辅助的序列化组件
class PublishModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Publish
fields = (‘name‘, ‘address‘)
class BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
# 自定义连表深度，子序列化方式 该方式不能参与反序列化，使用在序列化反序列化共存时
publish = PublishModelSerializer()
class Meta:
# 序列化类关联的model类
model = models.Book
# 参与序列化的字段
fields = {‘name‘,‘price‘,‘img‘,‘author_list‘,‘publish‘}
视图层：api/views.py
class Book(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘)
if pk:
try:
book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk, is_delete=False)
book_data = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data
except:
return Response({
‘status‘: 1,
‘msg‘: ‘书籍不存在‘
})
else:
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_data = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query,many=True).data
return Response({
‘status‘: 0,
‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
‘results‘:book_data
})
反序列化
路由层：api/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^books/$‘,views.Book.as_view()),
url(r‘^books/(?P<pk>.*)/$‘,views.Book.as_view()),
]
序列化层：api/serializers.py
class BookModelDeserializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = {‘name‘,‘price‘,‘publish‘,‘authors‘}
# extra_kwargs 用来完成反序列化字段 系统校验规则
extra_kwargs = {
‘name‘: {
‘required‘: True,
‘min_length‘: 1,
‘error_message‘: {
‘required‘: ‘必填项‘,
‘min_length‘: ‘太短‘
}
}
}
# 局部钩子
def validate_name(self,value):
# 书名不能含g 字符
if ‘g‘ in value.lower():
raise ValidationError(‘该g书不能出版‘)
return value
# 全局钩子
def validate(self, attrs):
publish = attrs.get(‘publish‘)
name = attrs.get(‘name‘)
if models.Book.objects.filter(name=name,publish=publish):
raise ValidationError({‘book‘:‘该书已存在‘})
return attrs
视图层：api/views.py
class Book(APIView):
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
book_ser = serializers.BookModelDeserializer(data=request_data)
# raise_exception=True:当校验失败，终止当前视图方法，抛出异常返回给前台
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_obj = book_ser.save()
return Response({
‘status‘:0,
‘msg‘:‘ok‘,
‘results‘:serializers.BookModelDeserializer(book_obj).data
})
序列化与反序列化整合（重点）
fields中设置所有序列化与反序列化字段, extra_kwargs划分只序列化或只反序列化字段
write_only：只反序列化
read_only：只序列化
自定义字段默认只序列化(read_only)
设置反序列化所需的 系统、局部钩子、全局钩子 等校验规则
class V2BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = {‘name‘,‘price‘,‘img‘,‘author_list‘,‘publish_name‘, ‘publish‘, ‘authors‘}
extra_kwargs = {
‘name‘:{
‘required‘: True,
‘min_length‘: 1,
‘error_messages‘: {
‘required‘:‘必填项‘,
‘min_length‘: ‘太短‘,
}
},
‘publish‘:{
‘write_only‘:True
},
‘authors‘: {
‘write_only‘: True
},
‘img‘: {
‘read_only‘: True,
},
‘author_list‘: {
‘read_only‘: True,
},
‘publish_name‘: {
‘read_only‘: True,
}
}
def validate_name(self,value):
if ‘g‘ in value.lower():
raise ValidationError(‘该g书不能出版‘)
return value
def validate(self, attrs):
publish = attrs.get(‘publish‘)
name = attrs.get(‘name‘)
if models.Book.objects.filter(name=name,publish=publish):
raise ValidationError({‘book‘:‘该书已存在‘})
return attrs
视图层：api/views.py
class V2Book(APIView): # 单查：有pk 群查： 无pk
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘)
if pk:
try:
book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk,is_delete=False)
book_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data
except:
return Response({
‘status‘:1,
‘msg‘:‘书籍不存在‘
})
else:
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_query,many=True).data
return Response({
‘status‘:0,
‘msg‘:‘ok‘,
‘results‘:book_data
})
单增：传的数据是与model对应的字典 群增：传的数据是 装多个 model对应字典 的列表
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
if isinstance(request_data, dict):
many = False
elif isinstance(request_data,list):
many = True
else:
return Response({
‘status‘:1,
‘msg‘:‘数据有误‘
})
book_ser = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(data=request_data,many=many)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_result = book_ser.save()
return Response({
‘status‘: 0,
‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
‘results‘:serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_result,many=many).data
})
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs): # 单删 有pk 群删 无pks
pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘)
if pk:
pks = [pk]
else:
pks = request.data.get(‘pks‘)
if models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks,is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True):
return Response({
‘status‘:0,
‘msg‘:‘删除成功‘
})
return Response({
‘status‘:1,
‘msg‘:‘删除失败‘
})
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zrh-960906/p/11707606.html
时间： 2024-07-30 15:33:07