对需要聚类的数据使用canopy做初步的计算

K值聚类的时候，需要自己指定cluster的数目。

这个cluster数目一般是通过canopy算法进行预处理来确定的。

canopy具体描述可以参考这里。

下面是 golang语言的一个实现（对经纬度距离计算进行cluster）。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math"
)

const (
    EARTH_RADIUS = 6371
)

type Point struct {
    lat float64
    lng float64
}

func Pop(points []Point) (p Point, newPoints []Point) {
    if len(points) > 0 {
        p = points[0]
        newPoints = points[1:]
    }
    return
}

func Push(p Point, points []Point) []Point {
    points = append(points, p)
    return points
}

// Calculates the Haversine distance between two points in kilometers.
// Original Implementation from: http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html
func GreatCircleDistance(p1, p2 Point) float64 {
    dLat := (p2.lat - p1.lat) * (math.Pi / 180.0)
    dLon := (p2.lng - p1.lng) * (math.Pi / 180.0)

    lat1 := p1.lat * (math.Pi / 180.0)
    lat2 := p2.lat * (math.Pi / 180.0)

    a1 := math.Sin(dLat/2) * math.Sin(dLat/2)
    a2 := math.Sin(dLon/2) * math.Sin(dLon/2) * math.Cos(lat1) * math.Cos(lat2)

    a := a1 + a2

    c := 2 * math.Atan2(math.Sqrt(a), math.Sqrt(1-a))
    return EARTH_RADIUS * c
}

/*
while(没有标记的数据点){
    选择一个没有强标记的数据点p
    把p看作一个新Canopy c的中心
    离p距离<x1的所有点都认为在c中，给这些点做上弱标记  //纳入canopy,有可能会纳入其它canopy
    离p距离<x2的所有点都认为在c中，给这些点做上强标记  //不会再纳入其它canopy
}
*/

//目前只实现了经纬度以及经纬度的距离计算，这里可以是一个向量
func CanopyCluster(points []Point, x1, x2 float64) {
    var tmp []Point
    var cluster [][]Point

    for len(points) > 0 {
        var center Point
        center, points = Pop(points)
        index := len(cluster)
        var cpList []Point
        cpList = append(cpList, center)
        cluster = append(cluster, cpList)
        var cur Point
        for len(points) > 0 {
            cur, points = Pop(points)
            distance := GreatCircleDistance(center, cur)
            if distance <= x1 {
                cluster[index] = append(cluster[index], cur)
                if distance > x2 {
                    tmp = Push(cur, tmp)
                }
            } else {
                tmp = Push(cur, tmp)
            }
        }
        fmt.Printf("current number of items in this canopy %d\n", center)
        var t []Point
        points = tmp
        tmp = t
    }
    for k, c := range cluster {
        fmt.Println("canopy", k, "has", len(c), "items:")
        for _, v := range c {
            fmt.Println("\t", v.lat, v.lng)
        }
    }
}

func main() {
    pointsList := []Point{
        {34.28637, -110.12059},
        {34.28638, -110.1206},
        {34.29077, -110.12078},
        {34.29111, -110.11941},
        {34.29113, -110.11938},
        {34.29116, -110.1194},
        {34.29145, -110.12043},
        {34.29146, -110.12063},
        {34.29154, -110.11873},
        {34.3141, -110.11556},
        {34.31411, -110.11557},
        {34.31411, -110.11556},
        {34.31412, -110.11556},
        {34.31412, -110.11557},
        {34.31415, -110.11552},
        {34.31415, -110.11556},
    }
    CanopyCluster(pointsList, 1.0, 0.8)
}