转:史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

  2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

 1 <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
 2 <servlet>
 3     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
 4     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 5     <init-param>
 6           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 7           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
 8       </init-param>
 9       <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
10 </servlet>
11
12 <servlet-mapping>
13     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
14     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
15 </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 5     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 6     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 7         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
 8         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
 9
10     <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
11     <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
12
13     <!-- don‘t handle the static resource -->
14     <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
15
16     <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
17     <mvc:annotation-driven />
18
19     <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
20     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
21             id="internalResourceViewResolver">
22         <!-- 前缀 -->
23         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
24         <!-- 后缀 -->
25         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
26     </bean>
27 </beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

  5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

  6.编写Controller代码

1 @Controller
2 @RequestMapping("/mvc")
3 public class mvcController {
4
5     @RequestMapping("/hello")
6     public String hello(){
7         return "hello";
8     }
9 }

7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

  1.Dispatcherservlet

  DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。

  2.InternalResourceViewResolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

 三、SpringMVC常用注解

  @Controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

  @RequestBody

  该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @ResponseBody

  该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区

  @ModelAttribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

  @RequestParam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @PathVariable

  绑定 URL 占位符到入参

  @ExceptionHandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @ControllerAdvice

  使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

1 //match automatically
2 @RequestMapping("/person")
3 public String toPerson(String name,double age){
4     System.out.println(name+" "+age);
5     return "hello";
6 }

五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个Person实体类

 1 package test.SpringMVC.model;
 2
 3 public class Person {
 4     public String getName() {
 5         return name;
 6     }
 7     public void setName(String name) {
 8         this.name = name;
 9     }
10     public int getAge() {
11         return age;
12     }
13     public void setAge(int age) {
14         this.age = age;
15     }
16     private String name;
17     private int age;
18
19 }

2.在Controller里编写方法

1 //boxing automatically
2 @RequestMapping("/person1")
3 public String toPerson(Person p){
4     System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
5     return "hello";
6 }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

 1 //the parameter was converted in initBinder
 2 @RequestMapping("/date")
 3 public String date(Date date){
 4     System.out.println(date);
 5     return "hello";
 6 }
 7
 8 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
 9 @InitBinder
10 public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
11     binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
12             true));
13 }

七、向前台传递参数

1 //pass the parameters to front-end
2 @RequestMapping("/show")
3 public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
4     Person p =new Person();
5     map.put("p", p);
6     p.setAge(20);
7     p.setName("jayjay");
8     return "show";
9 }

前台可在Request域中取到"p"

 八、使用Ajax调用

1 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
2 @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
3 public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
4     pw.write("hello,"+name);
5 }
6 @RequestMapping("/name")
7 public String sayHello(){
8     return "name";
9 }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

1 $(function(){
2     $("#btn").click(function(){
3        $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
4             alert(data);
5         });
6     });
7 });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

1 //redirect
2 @RequestMapping("/redirect")
3 public String redirect(){
4     return "redirect:hello";
5 }

十、文件上传

  1.需要导入两个jar包

  2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

1 <!-- upload settings -->
2 <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
3     <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
4 </bean>

3.方法代码

 1 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
 2 public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
 3     MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
 4     MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
 5     String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
 6     SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
 7     FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
 8             "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(‘.‘)));
 9     fos.write(file.getBytes());
10     fos.flush();
11     fos.close();
12
13     return "hello";
14 }

4.前台form表单

1 <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
2     <input type="file" name="file"><br>
3     <input type="submit" value="submit">
4 </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

 1 @Controller
 2 @RequestMapping("/test")
 3 public class mvcController1 {
 4     @RequestMapping(value="/param")
 5     public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
 6             @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
 7         System.out.println(id+" "+name);
 8         return "/hello";
 9     }
10 }

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

  1.RestController

 1 @Controller
 2 @RequestMapping("/rest")
 3 public class RestController {
 4     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
 5     public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
 6         System.out.println("get"+id);
 7         return "/hello";
 8     }
 9
10     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
11     public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
12         System.out.println("post"+id);
13         return "/hello";
14     }
15
16     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
17     public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
18         System.out.println("put"+id);
19         return "/hello";
20     }
21
22     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
23     public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
24         System.out.println("delete"+id);
25         return "/hello";
26     }
27
28 }

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

  在web.xml中配置

1 <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
2 <filter>
3     <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
4     <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
5 </filter>
6 <filter-mapping>
7     <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
8     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
9 </filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

 1 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
 2     <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
 3     <input type="submit" value="put">
 4 </form>
 5
 6 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
 7     <input type="submit" value="post">
 8 </form>
 9
10 <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
11     <input type="submit" value="get">
12 </form>
13
14 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
15     <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
16     <input type="submit" value="delete">
17 </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

  2.方法代码

 1 @Controller
 2 @RequestMapping("/json")
 3 public class jsonController {
 4
 5     @ResponseBody
 6     @RequestMapping("/user")
 7     public  User get(){
 8         User u = new User();
 9         u.setId(1);
10         u.setName("jayjay");
11         u.setBirth(new Date());
12         return u;
13     }
14 }

十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(Controller内)

 1 @ExceptionHandler
 2 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
 3     ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
 4     mv.addObject("exception", ex);
 5     System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
 6     return mv;
 7 }
 8
 9 @RequestMapping("/error")
10 public String error(){
11     int i = 5/0;
12     return "hello";
13 }

2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)

 1 @ControllerAdvice
 2 public class testControllerAdvice {
 3     @ExceptionHandler
 4     public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
 5         ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
 6         mv.addObject("exception", ex);
 7         System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
 8         return mv;
 9     }
10 }

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

1 <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
2 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
3     <property name="exceptionMappings">
4         <props>
5             <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
6         </props>
7     </property>
8 </bean>

error是出错页面

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

  1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

 1 public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 2
 3     @Override
 4     public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
 5             HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
 6             throws Exception {
 7         System.out.println("afterCompletion");
 8     }
 9
10     @Override
11     public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
12             Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
13         System.out.println("postHandle");
14     }
15
16     @Override
17     public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
18             Object arg2) throws Exception {
19         System.out.println("preHandle");
20         return true;
21     }
22
23 }

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

1 <!-- interceptor setting -->
2 <mvc:interceptors>
3     <mvc:interceptor>
4         <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
5         <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
6     </mvc:interceptor>
7 </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

  2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

 1 public class User {
 2     public int getId() {
 3         return id;
 4     }
 5     public void setId(int id) {
 6         this.id = id;
 7     }
 8     public String getName() {
 9         return name;
10     }
11     public void setName(String name) {
12         this.name = name;
13     }
14     public Date getBirth() {
15         return birth;
16     }
17     public void setBirth(Date birth) {
18         this.birth = birth;
19     }
20     @Override
21     public String toString() {
22         return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
23     }
24     private int id;
25     @NotEmpty
26     private String name;
27
28     @Past
29     @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
30     private Date birth;
31 }

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

1 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
2     id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
3     name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
4     birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
5     <input type="submit" value="submit">
6 </form:form>

ps:path对应name

  4.Controller中代码

 1 @Controller
 2 @RequestMapping("/form")
 3 public class formController {
 4     @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
 5     public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
 6         if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
 7             return "addUser";
 8         }
 9         return "showUser";
10     }
11
12     @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
13     public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
14         map.put("user",new User());
15         return "addUser";
16     }
17 }

ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

  [email protected] 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

1 NotEmpty.user.name=name can‘t not be empty
2 Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
3 DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
4 typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
5 typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

1 <!-- configure the locale resource -->
2 <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
3     <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
4 </bean>

6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

1 <body>
2   <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
3   <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
4 </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

  1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

  2.User实体类

 1 public class User {
 2     public int getId() {
 3         return id;
 4     }
 5     public void setId(int id) {
 6         this.id = id;
 7     }
 8     public String getName() {
 9         return name;
10     }
11     public void setName(String name) {
12         this.name = name;
13     }
14     public Date getBirth() {
15         return birth;
16     }
17     public void setBirth(Date birth) {
18         this.birth = birth;
19     }
20     @Override
21     public String toString() {
22         return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
23     }
24     private int id;
25     @NotEmpty
26     private String name;
27
28     @Past
29     @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
30     private Date birth;
31 }

3.UserService类

 1 @Component
 2 public class UserService {
 3     public UserService(){
 4         System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
 5     }
 6
 7     public void save(){
 8         System.out.println("save");
 9     }
10 }

4.UserController

 1 @Controller
 2 @RequestMapping("/integrate")
 3 public class UserController {
 4     @Autowired
 5     private UserService userService;
 6
 7     @RequestMapping("/user")
 8     public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
 9         System.out.println(u);
10         userService.save();
11         return "hello";
12     }
13 }

5.Spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 5         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 6         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
 7         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
 8         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 9         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
10         "
11         xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
12         xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
13         xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
14         >
15     <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
16         <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
17             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
18         <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
19             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
20     </context:component-scan>
21
22 </beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

1 <!-- configure the springIOC -->
2 <listener>
3     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
4 </listener>
5 <context-param>
6   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
7   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
8 </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

1 <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
2     <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
3         <context:include-filter type="annotation"
4             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
5         <context:include-filter type="annotation"
6             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
7     </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

 十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

  1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

  2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。

  3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

转载:http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html

时间: 2024-10-13 00:25:14

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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/masbay/p/10745170.html

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史上最全开源大数据工具汇总

摘要 史上最全的开源大数据工具,非常实用,请务必收藏! 史上最全的开源大数据工具,非常实用,请务必收藏! 查询引擎 Phoenix Salesforce公司出品,Apache HBase之上的一个SQL中间层,完全使用Java编写 Stinger 原叫Tez,下一代Hive, Hortonworks主导开发,运行在YARN上的DAG计算框架 Presto Facebook开源 Spark SQL Spark上的SQL执行引擎 Pig 基于Hadoop MapReduce的脚本语言 Clouder