问题导读：
1、使用Sqoop哪个工具实现多表导入？
2、满足多表导入的三个条件是？
3、如何指定导入HDFS某个目录？如何指定导入Hive某个数据库？
一、介绍
有时候我们需要将关系型数据库中多个表一起导入到HDFS或者Hive中，这个时候可以使用Sqoop的另一个工具sqoop-import-all-tables。每个表数据被分别存储在以表名命名的HDFS上的不同目录中。
在使用多表导入之前，以下三个条件必须同时满足：
1、每个表必须都只有一个列作为主键；
2、必须将每个表中所有的数据导入，而不是部分；
3、你必须使用默认分隔列，且WHERE子句无任何强加的条件
--table, --split-by, --columns, 和 --where 参数在sqoop-import-all-tables命令中是不合法的。--exclude-tables：可以用来排除导入某个表。具体的导入用法和单表导入差不多。
二、关系数据表
我的spice数据库中，有以下四张表：
mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_spice | +-----------------+ | servers | | users | | vmLog | | vms | +-----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、多表同时导入HDFS中
[[email protected] ~]$ sqoop-import-all-tables --connect jdbc:mysql://secondmgt:3306/spice --username hive --password hive --as-textfile --warehouse-dir /output/
Warning: /usr/lib/hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail.
Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.
15/01/19 20:21:15 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
15/01/19 20:21:15 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset.
15/01/19 20:21:15 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
15/01/19 20:21:15 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `servers` AS t LIMIT 1
15/01/19 20:21:15 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `servers` AS t LIMIT 1
15/01/19 20:21:15 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME is /home/hadoopUser/cloud/hadoop/programs/hadoop-2.2.0
Note: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/servers.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
15/01/19 20:21:16 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/servers.jar
15/01/19 20:21:16 WARN manager.MySQLManager: It looks like you are importing from mysql.
15/01/19 20:21:16 WARN manager.MySQLManager: This transfer can be faster! Use the --direct
15/01/19 20:21:16 WARN manager.MySQLManager: option to exercise a MySQL-specific fast path.
15/01/19 20:21:16 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Setting zero DATETIME behavior to convertToNull (mysql)
15/01/19 20:21:16 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of servers
15/01/19 20:21:16 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.job.tracker is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.jobtracker.address
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoopUser/cloud/hadoop/programs/hadoop-2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoopUser/cloud/hbase/hbase-0.96.2-hadoop2/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.4.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
15/01/19 20:21:17 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.jar is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.jar
15/01/19 20:21:17 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.map.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.maps
15/01/19 20:21:17 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:21:18 INFO db.DataDrivenDBInputFormat: BoundingValsQuery: SELECT MIN(`src_id`), MAX(`src_id`) FROM `servers`
15/01/19 20:21:18 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:3
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.job.classpath.files is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.classpath.files
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: user.name is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.user.name
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.cache.files.filesizes is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.cache.files.filesizes
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.cache.files is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.cache.files
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.reduces
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.output.value.class is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.output.value.class
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapreduce.map.class is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.map.class
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.job.name is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.name
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapreduce.inputformat.class is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.inputformat.class
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.output.dir is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.outputdir
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapreduce.outputformat.class is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.outputformat.class
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.cache.files.timestamps is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.cache.files.timestamps
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.output.key.class is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.output.key.class
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.working.dir is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.working.dir
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1421373857783_0035
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1421373857783_0035 to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://secondmgt:8088/proxy/application_1421373857783_0035/
15/01/19 20:21:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1421373857783_0035
15/01/19 20:21:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0035 running in uber mode : false
15/01/19 20:21:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:21:43 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 33% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:21:46 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 67% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0035 completed successfully
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 27
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=0
FILE: Number of bytes written=275913
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=319
HDFS: Number of bytes written=39
HDFS: Number of read operations=12
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=6
Job Counters
Launched map tasks=3
Other local map tasks=3
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=127888
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=3
Map output records=3
Input split bytes=319
Spilled Records=0
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=0
GC time elapsed (ms)=201
CPU time spent (ms)=7470
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=439209984
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=2636304384
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=252706816
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=0
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=39
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 39 bytes in 30.8769 seconds (1.2631 bytes/sec)
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 3 records.
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `users` AS t LIMIT 1
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME is /home/hadoopUser/cloud/hadoop/programs/hadoop-2.2.0
Note: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/users.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/users.jar
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of users
15/01/19 20:21:48 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:21:49 INFO db.DataDrivenDBInputFormat: BoundingValsQuery: SELECT MIN(`id`), MAX(`id`) FROM `users`
15/01/19 20:21:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:4
15/01/19 20:21:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1421373857783_0036
15/01/19 20:21:49 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1421373857783_0036 to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:21:49 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://secondmgt:8088/proxy/application_1421373857783_0036/
15/01/19 20:21:49 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1421373857783_0036
15/01/19 20:22:02 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0036 running in uber mode : false
15/01/19 20:22:02 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 25% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:18 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 75% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0036 completed successfully
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 27
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=0
FILE: Number of bytes written=368040
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=401
HDFS: Number of bytes written=521
HDFS: Number of read operations=16
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=8
Job Counters
Launched map tasks=4
Other local map tasks=4
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=175152
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=13
Map output records=13
Input split bytes=401
Spilled Records=0
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=0
GC time elapsed (ms)=257
CPU time spent (ms)=10250
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=627642368
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=3547209728
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=335544320
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=0
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=521
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 521 bytes in 34.6285 seconds (15.0454 bytes/sec)
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 13 records.
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `vmLog` AS t LIMIT 1
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME is /home/hadoopUser/cloud/hadoop/programs/hadoop-2.2.0
Note: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/vmLog.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/vmLog.jar
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of vmLog
15/01/19 20:22:23 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:22:24 INFO db.DataDrivenDBInputFormat: BoundingValsQuery: SELECT MIN(`id`), MAX(`id`) FROM `vmLog`
15/01/19 20:22:24 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:4
15/01/19 20:22:24 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1421373857783_0037
15/01/19 20:22:24 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1421373857783_0037 to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:22:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://secondmgt:8088/proxy/application_1421373857783_0037/
15/01/19 20:22:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1421373857783_0037
15/01/19 20:22:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0037 running in uber mode : false
15/01/19 20:22:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:47 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 25% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:52 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 75% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:58 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:22:58 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0037 completed successfully
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 27
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=0
FILE: Number of bytes written=367872
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=398
HDFS: Number of bytes written=635
HDFS: Number of read operations=16
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=8
Job Counters
Launched map tasks=4
Other local map tasks=4
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=171552
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=23
Map output records=23
Input split bytes=398
Spilled Records=0
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=0
GC time elapsed (ms)=182
CPU time spent (ms)=10480
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=588107776
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=3523424256
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=337641472
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=0
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=635
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 635 bytes in 35.147 seconds (18.067 bytes/sec)
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 23 records.
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO tool.CodeGenTool: Beginning code generation
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO manager.SqlManager: Executing SQL statement: SELECT t.* FROM `vms` AS t LIMIT 1
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO orm.CompilationManager: HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME is /home/hadoopUser/cloud/hadoop/programs/hadoop-2.2.0
Note: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/vms.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO orm.CompilationManager: Writing jar file: /tmp/sqoop-hadoopUser/compile/0bdbced5e58f170e1670516db3339f91/vms.jar
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Beginning import of vms
15/01/19 20:22:59 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:23:00 INFO db.DataDrivenDBInputFormat: BoundingValsQuery: SELECT MIN(`id`), MAX(`id`) FROM `vms`
15/01/19 20:23:00 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:4
15/01/19 20:23:00 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1421373857783_0038
15/01/19 20:23:00 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1421373857783_0038 to ResourceManager at secondmgt/192.168.2.133:8032
15/01/19 20:23:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://secondmgt:8088/proxy/application_1421373857783_0038/
15/01/19 20:23:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1421373857783_0038
15/01/19 20:23:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0038 running in uber mode : false
15/01/19 20:23:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:23:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 25% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:23:28 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 75% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:23:34 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
15/01/19 20:23:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1421373857783_0038 completed successfully
15/01/19 20:23:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 27
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=0
FILE: Number of bytes written=367932
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=401
HDFS: Number of bytes written=240
HDFS: Number of read operations=16
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=8
Job Counters
Launched map tasks=4
Other local map tasks=4
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=168328
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=8
Map output records=8
Input split bytes=401
Spilled Records=0
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=0
GC time elapsed (ms)=210
CPU time spent (ms)=10990
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=600018944
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=3536568320
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=335544320
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=0
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=240
15/01/19 20:23:35 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Transferred 240 bytes in 35.9131 seconds (6.6828 bytes/sec)
15/01/19 20:23:35 INFO mapreduce.ImportJobBase: Retrieved 8 records.
由导入过程日志可知，其实多表导入过程也是一个个单表导入的整合。
查看导入结果：
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/ Found 4 items drwxr-xr-x - hadoopUser supergroup 0 2015-01-19 20:21 /output/servers drwxr-xr-x - hadoopUser supergroup 0 2015-01-19 20:22 /output/users drwxr-xr-x - hadoopUser supergroup 0 2015-01-19 20:22 /output/vmLog drwxr-xr-x - hadoopUser supergroup 0 2015-01-19 20:23 /output/vms
四、多表导入Hive中
我们将上述四个表导入到Hive中，如下：
[[email protected] ~]$ sqoop-import-all-tables --connect jdbc:mysql://secondmgt:3306/spice --username hive --password hive --hive-import --as-textfile --create-hive-table
查看结果：
hive> show tables; OK servers users vmlog vms Time taken: 0.022 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
默认是导入到default数据库中，如果想指定导入到某个数据库中，可以使用--hive-database参数，如下：
[[email protected] ~]$ sqoop-import-all-tables --connect jdbc:mysql://secondmgt:3306/spice --username hive --password hive --hive-import --hive-database test --as-textfile --create-hive-table
时间： 2024-10-06 00:10:33