oracle Wallet的使用（即内部加密技术TDE（Transparent Data Encryption ））
1. TDE是Oracle10gR2中推出的一个新功能，使用时要保证Oracle版本是在10gR2或者以上
--查看oracle版本：
select * from v$version;
2、创建一个新目录，并指定为Wallet目录
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\ora10\ora_wallet
3. 设置wallet目录，在参数文件sqlnet.ora中（window+f,在你安装盘区查找sqlnet.ora），按照下面的格式加入信息：
ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION=(SOURCE=(METHOD=FILE)
(METHOD_DATA=(DIRECTORY=D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\ora10\ora_wallet)))
4. 创建master key文件，指定wallet密码，使用SYS用户登入系统，建立加密文件
SQL> alter system set encryption key identified by "wallet";
System altered
-- 密码"wallet"不加引号时，后面使用时也不需要用引号
此时在设置的目录下，多出一个Personal Information Exchange类型的文件，相当于我们生成的master key文件。D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\ora10\ora_wallet\ewallet.p12
5、启动、关闭Wallet
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet";
ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet"
ORA-28354: wallet 已经打开
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET CLOSE; --关闭
System altered
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet"; --打开
System altered
到此，已经成功配置了Wallet，创建了master key。
使用datapump传输加密表请先确认TDE Encryption wallet状态 2014-10-07 17:30:02
分类： Oracle
这里讨论的是列加密模式，即具有TDE encrypted column的表如何在源库、目标库之间通过expdp、impdp进行传输。前提是源库和目标库上的encryption wallet都必须处于open状态，如果源库或者目标库有任何一侧的wallet没有open，都会引起导入或者导出操作的失败。以下列举了容易引起导入导出失败的一些场景，帮我们更进一步的理解TDE的工作过程。
场景1：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态
---源库wallet处于open状态下进行导出
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
create table t13 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;
insert into t13 values(‘A‘,‘11‘);
commit;
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=exp_t13.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=exp_t13.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . exported "SCOTT"."T13" 5.406 KB 1 rows
ORA-39173: Encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set.
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t13.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:21:16
scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t13.dmp [email protected]:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/
---目标库wallet处于open状态，成功导入
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."T13" 5.406 KB 1 rows
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:20:47
场景2：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态
---源库wallet处于open状态下进行导出
步骤同场景1
--目标库wallet处于close状态，导入失败
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---ORA-28365因wallet close所以无法创建encrypted column
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log;
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T13" failed to create with error:
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
Failing sql is:
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T13" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING ‘AES192‘ ‘SHA-1‘, "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:22:17
场景3：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态
---源库导出时wallet处于close状态
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
create table t14 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;
insert into t14 values(‘B‘,‘22‘);
commit;
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---因为wallet处于close，所以无法对表中加密列的数据进行解密，在接下来导入的时候可以看到仅导入了表结构
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=exp_t14.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes;
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=exp_t14.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."T14" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEPOPULATE callout
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
ORA-39173: Encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set.
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t14.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 16:31:12
scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t14.dmp [email protected]:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/
---目标库导入
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
---导入部分成功，字段维持加密状态
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:32:50
select owner,table_name,column_name from dba_encrypted_columns where table_name=‘T14‘;
OWNER TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT T14 C1
---但查询无内容，只把表结构导入了进来，没有任何数据
select * from scott.t14
no rows selected
---检查t14表的加密key并和orapki命令输出的相比较，impdp后表encrypted column自动使用了目标库的masterkey进行加密，证明源和目标库上的masterkey无需保持一致
col object_name format a13
col owner format a13
set linesize 120
select obj#,mkeyid,object_name,owner from enc$,dba_objects where object_id=obj#;
OBJ# MKEYID OBJECT_NAME OWNER
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------
5553580 AZHXajyQJ08Iv5X80kXWLBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA T14 SCOTT
orapki wallet display -wallet /oradata06/wallet
Requested Certificates:
Subject: CN=oracle
User Certificates:
Oracle Secret Store entries:
ORACLE.SECURITY.DB.ENCRYPTION.AZHXajyQJ08Iv5X80kXWLBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
ORACLE.SECURITY.DB.ENCRYPTION.MASTERKEY
ORACLE.SECURITY.TS.ENCRYPTION.BS8N9QmwrZrPOcpY6aJPnZYCAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Trusted Certificates:
场景4：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态
---源库导出时wallet处于close状态
导出步骤同场景3,
---目标库导入
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
drop table scott.t14;
***目标库的encryption wallet close，出现ORA-28353在意料之中
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T14" failed to create with error:
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
Failing sql is:
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T14" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING ‘AES192‘ ‘SHA-1‘, "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:37:21
场景5：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中对加密列以加密方式存储；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态
---源库导出，wallet处于open状态
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
create table t15 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;
insert into t15 values(‘C‘,‘33‘);
commit;
---注意这里只能使用password模式，不能使用transparent和dual模式
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=exp_t15.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=tde_1234;
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=exp_t15.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=********
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . exported "SCOTT"."T15" 5.460 KB 1 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t15.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:27:06
scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t15.dmp [email protected]:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/
---目标库wallet处于open状态，成功导入
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=tde_1234
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=********
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."T15" 5.460 KB 1 rows
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:28:58
场景6：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中对加密列以加密方式存储；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态
---源库导出，wallet处于open状态
导出步骤同场景5
---关闭目标库的encryption wallet
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---ORA-28365因wallet close所以无法创建encrypted column
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=tde_1234
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39180: unable to encrypt ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
场景7：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中对加密列以加密方式存储；因导出即失败所以无法继续进行导入
---源库导出，导出时wallet处于close状态
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
create table t16 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;
insert into t16 values(‘C‘,‘33‘);
commit;
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---注意这里只能使用password模式，不能使用transparent和dual模式，之所以报错是因为使用password对encrypted column在导出时进行加密之前必须先用masterkey对encrypted列进行解密，对解密的结果再进行加密，而这时wallet close无法获取到masterkey，所以加密过程就无法继续
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t16.dmp tables=t16 logfile=exp_t16.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=tde_1234;
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39180: unable to encrypt ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
场景8：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入
---源库导出，wallet处于open状态
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
create table t17 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;
insert into t17 values(‘C‘,‘33‘);
commit;
---分别使用transparent和password两种模式进行导出
***transparent模式
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . exported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17t.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:00:06
***password模式
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=tde_1234;
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=********
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . exported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17p.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:01:18
scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17t.dmp [email protected]:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/
scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17p.dmp [email protected]:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/
---目标库wallet处于open状态，分别导入transparent、password模式导出的dmp
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
---导入以encryption_mode=transparent方式导出的t17t.dmp，因源、目标库的masterkey不一致发生了ORA-28362，进一步导致ORA-39189目标库无法解密由源库masterkey加密的dumpfile
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39189: unable to decrypt dump file set
ORA-28362: master key not found
---导入以encryption_mode=password方式导出的t17p.dmp，导入成功
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17p.log encryption_password=tde_1234
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17p.log encryption_password=********
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:03:14
场景9：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入
--源库导出，wallet处于open状态
导出过程同场景8
--关闭目标库的encryption wallet，再次尝试以上两种导入
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---尝试导入以encryption=transparent方式导出的t17t.dmp，因目标库wallet close无法找到解密dmpfile所需的masterkey，导入失败
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39189: unable to decrypt dump file set
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
---尝试导入以encryption=password方式导出的t17p.dmp，能够解密出dmpfile，但是因目标库wallet close，所以无法创建encrypted columns
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log encryption_password=tde_1234
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log encryption_password=********
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T17" failed to create with error:
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
Failing sql is:
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T17" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING ‘AES192‘ ‘SHA-1‘, "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:09:10
场景10：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入
---源库导出，导出时wallet处于close状态
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
create table t18 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;
insert into t18 values(‘C‘,‘33‘);
commit;
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---分别使用transparent和password两种模式，前者需要masterkey加密dmpfile，后者需要先用masterkey解密encrypted columns后再用password加密，两者都需要wallet open，但实际wallet处于close状态，所以这两种导出都有问题
--transparent模式导出失败
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18t.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39188: unable to encrypt dump file set
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
--password模式导出，仅导出了表结构，因为无法使用masterkey Decrypt加密列
expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=tde_1234;
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=********
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."T18" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEPOPULATE callout
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t18p.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:17:11
scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t18p.dmp [email protected]:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/
---目标库wallet处于open状态，导入encryption_mode=transparent方式导出的t18p.dmp
因该方式下导出dmpfile失败，所以略去
---目标库wallet处于open状态，导入encryption_mode=password方式导出的t18p.dmp
alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
OPEN
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18p.log encryption_password=tde_1234
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18p.log encryption_password=********
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:22:05
***检查t18表无内容，仅有表结构，相当于expdp时指定了encryption=metadata_only
SQL> select * from scott.t18;
no rows selected
场景11：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入
---源库导出，导出时wallet处于close状态
导出步骤同场景10
--关闭目标库的encryption wallet，再次尝试以上导入
alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";
select * from v$encryption_wallet;
WRL_TYPE
--------------------
WRL_PARAMETER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUS
------------------
file
/oradata06/wallet
CLOSED
---尝试导入encryption_mode=transparent方式导出的t18p.dmp
因该方式下导出dmpfile失败，所以略去
---尝试导入以encryption=password方式导出的t18p.dmp，因目标库wallet close，无法创建encrypted columns，导入失败
impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18t.log encryption_password=tde_1234
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18t.log encryption_password=********
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T18" failed to create with error:
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
Failing sql is:
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T18" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING ‘AES192‘ ‘SHA-1‘, "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:24:04
针对实验场景的结果归纳如下：
|
源库expdp时的encryption wallet状态 |
能否正常导出加密表 |
目标库impdp时的encryption wallet状态 |
Expdp参数Encryption_mode取值 |
Expdp参数Encryption取值 |
导入结果 |
|
Open |
能 |
Open |
无 |
无 |
正常 |
|
Open |
能 |
Close |
无 |
无 |
失败 |
|
Close |
能 |
Open |
无 |
无 |
仅表结构 |
|
Close |
能 |
Close |
无 |
无 |
失败 |
|
Open |
能 |
Open |
password |
ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY |
正常 |
|
Open |
能 |
Close |
password |
ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY |
失败 |
|
Close |
否 |
- |
password |
ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY |
- |
|
Open |
能 |
Open |
transparent |
ALL |
失败 |
|
Open |
能 |
Open |
password |
ALL |
正常 |
|
Open |
能 |
Close |
transparent |
ALL |
失败 |
|
Open |
能 |
Close |
password |
ALL |
失败 |
|
Close |
否 |
- |
transparent |
ALL |
- |
|
Close |
能 |
open |
password |
All |
仅表结构 |
|
Close |
能 |
Close |
password |
All |
失败 |
总结：
含有加密列的表进行导出、导入时：
1、 源库上执行导出操作时encryption wallet只有处于open状态才能导出完整的内容，如果是close的情况下一般会把表结构导出（但encryption= ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY和encryption_mode=transparent两种情况除外，这两种情况连表结构都不会导出，直接报错退出）
2、目标库执行导入操作时，需要先对dumpfile文件进行解密(如果expdp出来的时候进行了加密)，再用自己的masterkey重新对表进行加密，这两个步骤中任意一个有问题都会引起导入失败
3、如果安全上允许建议启用auto login encryption wallet，数据库重启后会自动open