013.Kubernetes认证授权

一 Kubernetes认证系统介绍

1.1 访问控制

Kubernetes API的每个请求都会经过多阶段的访问控制之后才会被接受，这包括认证、授权以及准入控制（Admission Control）等

1.2 认证

在集群开启TLS后，客户端发往Kubernetes的所有API请求都需要进行认证，以验证用户的合法性。

Kubernetes支持多种认证机制，并支持同时开启多个认证插件（只要有一个认证通过即可）。如果认证成功，则用户的username会被传入授权模块做进一步授权验证；而对于认证失败的请求则返回HTTP 401。

所有的真书位置都在master节点

[[email protected] secrets]# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/

[[email protected] pki]# ll

APIserver是基于一个证书文件/root/.kube/config这个文件包含有

apiserver地址
ca证书信息
useracount
useraount证书信息

[[email protected] secrets]# cat /root/.kube/config

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://192.168.132.131:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: kubernetes-[email protected]
current-context: kubernetes-[email protected]
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: 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
    client-key-data: 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

1.3 证书加密

[[email protected] pki]# cat sa.key |base64 -w 0

1.4 认证文件中的私钥

[[email protected] pki]# cat /root/.kube/config

1.5 认证方式流程

本地端的Apiserver，control managent和Schedule监听的是本地的非安全端口，则不要任何认证，就拥有最大的权限，但是这个端口之只能运行再本地

node的kubelet和Apiserver的认证：apiserver再启动的时候会生成一个token文件，kubelet第一次连接的时候是基于token的，默认的用户是bootstrp-kubelet带着token访问apiserver，apiserver就会签发证书，再kubelet.kubeconfig文件定义

apiserver和kubeproxy的认证：

认证插件

X509证书

使用X509客户端证书只需要API Server启动时配置--client-ca-file=SOMEFILE。在证书认证时，其CN域用作用户名，而组织机构域则用作group名。

静态Token文件

使用静态Token文件认证只需要API Server启动时配置--token-auth-file=SOMEFILE。
该文件为csv格式，每行至少包括三列token,username,user id，token,user,uid,"group1,group2,group3”

引导Token

引导Token是动态生成的，存储在kube-system namespace的Secret中，用来部署新的Kubernetes集群。
使用引导Token需要API Server启动时配置--experimental-bootstrap-token-auth，并且Controller Manager开启TokenCleaner --controllers=*,tokencleaner,bootstrapsigner。
在使用kubeadm部署Kubernetes时，kubeadm会自动创建默认token，可通过kubeadm token list命令查询。

静态密码文件

需要API Server启动时配置--basic-auth-file=SOMEFILE，文件格式为csv，每行至少三列password, user, uid，后面是可选的group名，如
password,user,uid,"group1,group2,group3”

Service Account

ServiceAccount是Kubernetes自动生成的，并会自动挂载到容器的/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount目录中。

OpenID

OAuth2的认证机制

OpenStack Keystone密码

需要API Server在启动时指定--experimental-keystone-url=<AuthURL>，而https时还需要设置--experimental-keystone-ca-file=SOMEFILE。

匿名请求

如果使用AlwaysAllow以外的认证模式，则匿名请求默认开启，但可用--anonymous-auth=false禁止匿名请求。

Kubernetes认证帐户

USER帐户给管理人员使用，SERVICEACCOUNT是给POD里的进程使用的。
USER帐户是全局性的，Service Account属于某个namespace。
Group用来关联多个帐户，集群中有一些默认创建的组，如cluster-admin
Kubernetes没有User Account API对象，所以无法在集群当中查看USER

Service Account

Service account是为了方便Pod里面的进程调用Kubernetes API或其他外部服务而设计的。它与User account不同
User account是为人设计的，而service account则是为Pod中的进程调用Kubernetes API而设计；
User account是跨namespace的，而service account则是仅局限它所在的namespace；
每个namespace都会自动创建一个default service account
Token controller检测service account的创建，并为它们创建secret
开启ServiceAccount Admission Controller后
每个Pod在创建后都会自动设置spec.serviceAccountName为default（除非指定了其他ServiceAccout）
验证Pod引用的service account已经存在，否则拒绝创建
如果Pod没有指定ImagePullSecrets，则把service account的ImagePullSecrets加到Pod中
每个container启动后都会挂载该service account的token和ca.crt到/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/

默认的认证是基于证书的双向认证，再创建一个K8S集群，会默认创建一系列证书

1.6 授权

授权主要是用于对集群资源的访问控制，通过检查请求包含的相关属性值，与相对应的访问策略相比较，API请求必须满足某些策略才能被处理。跟认证类似，Kubernetes也支持多种授权机制，并支持同时开启多个授权插件（只要有一个验证通过即可）。如果授权成功，则用户的请求会发送到准入控制模块做进一步的请求验证；对于授权失败的请求则返回HTTP 403。

授权依据roles

[[email protected] secrets]# kubectl get clusterroles

NAME                                                                   AGE
admin                                                                  8d
cluster-admin                                                          8d
edit                                                                   8d
flannel                                                                8d
kubernetes-dashboard                                                   8d
system:aggregate-to-admin                                              8d
system:aggregate-to-edit                                               8d
system:aggregate-to-view                                               8d
system:auth-delegator                                                  8d
system:basic-user                                                      8d
system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient       8d
system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient   8d
system:controller:attachdetach-controller                              8d
system:controller:certificate-controller                               8d
system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller                   8d
system:controller:cronjob-controller                                   8d
system:controller:daemon-set-controller                                8d
system:controller:deployment-controller                                8d
system:controller:disruption-controller                                8d
system:controller:endpoint-controller                                  8d
system:controller:expand-controller                                    8d
system:controller:generic-garbage-collector                            8d
system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler                            8d
system:controller:job-controller                                       8d
system:controller:namespace-controller                                 8d
system:controller:node-controller                                      8d
system:controller:persistent-volume-binder                             8d
system:controller:pod-garbage-collector                                8d
system:controller:pv-protection-controller                             8d
system:controller:pvc-protection-controller                            8d
system:controller:replicaset-controller                                8d
system:controller:replication-controller                               8d
system:controller:resourcequota-controller                             8d
system:controller:route-controller                                     8d
system:controller:service-account-controller                           8d
system:controller:service-controller                                   8d
system:controller:statefulset-controller                               8d
system:controller:ttl-controller                                       8d
system:coredns                                                         8d
system:discovery                                                       8d
system:heapster                                                        8d
system:kube-aggregator                                                 8d
system:kube-controller-manager                                         8d
system:kube-dns                                                        8d
system:kube-scheduler                                                  8d
system:kubelet-api-admin                                               8d
system:node                                                            8d
system:node-bootstrapper                                               8d
system:node-problem-detector                                           8d
system:node-proxier                                                    8d
system:persistent-volume-provisioner                                   8d
system:public-info-viewer                                              8d
system:volume-scheduler                                                8d
view                                                                   8d

以上为内置权限

cluster-admin是超级管理员权限

权限组：

roles：namespce级别

clusterroles：集群级别

授权操作：为某一账户绑定全权限，rolebongding 和clusterroleboding，就会行成新的资源

这种授权方式成为rabc授权

二解读一个ingress授权

2.1 发布一个系统，都会有一个sa身份运行的

[[email protected] pki]# kubectl get sa

NAME      SECRETS   AGE
default   1         8d

[[email protected] pki]# kubectl get sa default -o yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2020-01-09T18:19:18Z"
  name: default
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "359"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/serviceaccounts/default
  uid: 47332a49-bbac-46b8-9fd7-18943e710021
secrets:
- name: default-token-bwbrn

2.2 查看ingress账号的SA信息（serviceaccount）

[[email protected] pki]# vi /yamls/ingress/nginx-controller.yaml

2.3 rule规则

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

2.4 绑定权限

2.5 查看cluter-admin的role

[[email protected] pki]# kubectl get clusterrole -o yaml cluster-admin

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  creationTimestamp: "2020-01-09T18:18:59Z"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: cluster-admin
  resourceVersion: "45"
  selfLink: /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-admin
  uid: 277dddfd-c72d-4450-97e1-244c56ad837a
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ‘*‘
  resources:
  - ‘*‘
  verbs:
  - ‘*‘
- nonResourceURLs:
  - ‘*‘
  verbs:
  - ‘*‘

三创建一个超级管理员账户

3.1 创建一个用户

[[email protected] pki]# mkdir /yamls/sa

[[email protected] pki]# cd /yamls/sa

[[email protected] sa]# vi test-sa.taml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: test-sa

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl apply -f test-sa.taml

serviceaccount/test-sa created

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl get sa

NAME      SECRETS   AGE
default   1         8d
test-sa   1         12s

让这个sa变成超级管理员

3.3 和cluster-admin绑定

[[email protected] sa]# vim test-sa-role.yaml

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: test-sa-role-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: test-sa    namespace： default

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl apply -f test-sa-role.yaml

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/test-sa-role-binding created

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl get clusterrolebinding |grep test

3.3 查看管理员信息

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl describe clusterrolebinding test-sa-role-binding

Name:         test-sa-role-binding
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                {"apiVersion":"rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1","kind":"ClusterRoleBinding","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"test-sa-role-binding"},...
Role:
  Kind:  ClusterRole
  Name:  cluster-admin
Subjects:
  Kind            Name     Namespace
  ----            ----     ---------
  ServiceAccount  test-sa  default

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl describe clusterrole cluster-admin

Name:         cluster-admin
Labels:       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations:  rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
  Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----
  *.*        []                 []              [*]
             [*]                []              [*]

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl describe sa test-sa

Name:                test-sa
Namespace:           default
Labels:              <none>
Annotations:         kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                       {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"ServiceAccount","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"test-sa","namespace":"default"}}
Image pull secrets:  <none>
Mountable secrets:   test-sa-token-rn7db
Tokens:              test-sa-token-rn7db   #有自己的token
Events:              <none>

3.4 查看这个secret的token

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl get secret

NAME                  TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-bwbrn   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      8d
hub-secret            kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson        1      164m
test-sa-token-rn7db   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      13m

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl describe secret test-sa-token-rn7db

Name:         test-sa-token-rn7db
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: test-sa
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 6e767195-c019-43b0-ad6a-81b35e86b9f7

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  7 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Inl0U2JtWkVaSkNjbFpCMGpkVktHTGtTUTFvZFc3LVUxeUllRkRyalcxYncifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6InRlc3Qtc2EtdG9rZW4tcm43ZGIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoidGVzdC1zYSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6IjZlNzY3MTk1LWMwMTktNDNiMC1hZDZhLTgxYjM1ZTg2YjlmNyIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpkZWZhdWx0OnRlc3Qtc2EifQ.RydJTCW3yocxk3_3ThwuWz4zSzymQScvOc7gw1-GsATHfilDK7-CPrEYSkaA90uNFIBfQJovxzpbEtPmge7MAoweCp52Sx8cdA8ppxxgBGpIMC-EiV4unsazxZprrqbGuQ45UCumZYVu70X4UjuPaScf9fHRfJtESDbDEWjeIknhNFcLSw8TCxVpoprC1teF6HflFXG90sR3V_ag2lAXFMeobrnhcTPL5NCxKbwYzsJkiCDIlOsEppCS8d1AZ77pQcTzPLtpe7GtJIhQN-ZBlBrhlEqRCNsEPnG-Ar6eGu5jb5gvOf8NXm_OPnRRyYh8OEHJ_LcdAjq92w2BXmdTYw

3.5 访问dashboard

可以收用这个token访问dashboard

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide

NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE              NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dashboard-metrics-scraper-76585494d8-95j9v   1/1     Running   1          8d      10.244.2.13   192.168.132.133   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard-b7ffbc8cb-nz5gf         1/1     Running   0          4d20h   10.244.0.11   192.168.132.131   <none>           <none>

[[email protected] sa]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide

NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE   SELECTOR
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.96.93.119   <none>        8000/TCP        8d    k8s-app=dashboard-metrics-scraper
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.96.87.98    <none>        443:32443/TCP   8d    k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard

https://192.168.132.131:32443/

高级

接收风险，输入token

登入

得到界面

3.6 使用命令行访问dashboard

直接访问被拒绝

[[email protected] sa]# curl -k https://192.168.132.131:6443

{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {

  },
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get path \"/\"",
  "reason": "Forbidden",
  "details": {

  },
  "code": 403
}

带token访问

[[[email protected] sa]# curl -k --header "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Inl0U2JtWkVaSkNjbFpCMGpkVtHTGtTUTFvZFc3LVUxeUllRkRyalcxYncifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6InRlc3Qtc2EtdG9rZW4tcm43ZGIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoidGVzdC1zYSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6IjZlNzY3MTk1LWMwMTktNDNiMC1hZDZhLTgxYjM1ZTg2YjlmNyIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDpkZWZhdWx0OnRlc3Qtc2EifQ.RydJTCW3yocxk3_3ThwuWz4zSzymQScvOc7gw1-GsATHfilDK7-CPrEYSkaA90uNFIBfQJovxzpbEtPmge7MAoweCp52Sx8cdA8ppxxgBGpIMC-EiV4unsazxZprrqbGuQ45UCumZYVu70X4UjuPaScf9fHRfJtESDbDEWjeIknhNFcLSw8TCxVpoprC1teF6HflFXG90sR3V_ag2lAXFMeobrnhcTPL5NCxKbwYzsJkiCDIlOsEppCS8d1AZ77pQcTzPLtpe7GtJIhQN-ZBlBrhlEqRCNsEPnG-Ar6eGu5jb5gvOf8NXm_OPnRRyYh8OEHJ_LcdAjq92w2BXmdTYw" https://192.168.132.131:6443

{
  "paths": [
    "/api",
    "/api/v1",
    "/apis",
    "/apis/",
    "/apis/admissionregistration.k8s.io",
    "/apis/admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/apiextensions.k8s.io",
    "/apis/apiextensions.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/apiregistration.k8s.io",
    "/apis/apiregistration.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/apps",
    "/apis/apps/v1",
    "/apis/authentication.k8s.io",
    "/apis/authentication.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/authorization.k8s.io",
    "/apis/authorization.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/autoscaling",
    "/apis/autoscaling/v1",
    "/apis/autoscaling/v2beta1",
    "/apis/autoscaling/v2beta2",
    "/apis/batch",
    "/apis/batch/v1",
    "/apis/batch/v1beta1",
    "/apis/certificates.k8s.io",
    "/apis/certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/coordination.k8s.io",
    "/apis/coordination.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/discovery.k8s.io",
    "/apis/discovery.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/events.k8s.io",
    "/apis/events.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/extensions",
    "/apis/extensions/v1beta1",
    "/apis/networking.k8s.io",
    "/apis/networking.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/networking.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/node.k8s.io",
    "/apis/node.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/policy",
    "/apis/policy/v1beta1",
    "/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io",
    "/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/scheduling.k8s.io",
    "/apis/scheduling.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/apis/storage.k8s.io",
    "/apis/storage.k8s.io/v1",
    "/apis/storage.k8s.io/v1beta1",
    "/healthz",
    "/healthz/autoregister-completion",
    "/healthz/etcd",
    "/healthz/log",
    "/healthz/ping",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/apiservice-openapi-controller",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/apiservice-registration-controller",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/apiservice-status-available-controller",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/bootstrap-controller",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/crd-informer-synced",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/generic-apiserver-start-informers",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/kube-apiserver-autoregistration",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/rbac/bootstrap-roles",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/scheduling/bootstrap-system-priority-classes",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/start-apiextensions-controllers",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/start-apiextensions-informers",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/start-cluster-authentication-info-controller",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/start-kube-aggregator-informers",
    "/healthz/poststarthook/start-kube-apiserver-admission-initializer",
    "/livez",
    "/livez/autoregister-completion",
    "/livez/etcd",
    "/livez/log",
    "/livez/ping",
    "/livez/poststarthook/apiservice-openapi-controller",
    "/livez/poststarthook/apiservice-registration-controller",
    "/livez/poststarthook/apiservice-status-available-controller",
    "/livez/poststarthook/bootstrap-controller",
    "/livez/poststarthook/crd-informer-synced",
    "/livez/poststarthook/generic-apiserver-start-informers",
    "/livez/poststarthook/kube-apiserver-autoregistration",
    "/livez/poststarthook/rbac/bootstrap-roles",
    "/livez/poststarthook/scheduling/bootstrap-system-priority-classes",
    "/livez/poststarthook/start-apiextensions-controllers",
    "/livez/poststarthook/start-apiextensions-informers",
    "/livez/poststarthook/start-cluster-authentication-info-controller",
    "/livez/poststarthook/start-kube-aggregator-informers",
    "/livez/poststarthook/start-kube-apiserver-admission-initializer",
    "/logs",
    "/metrics",
    "/openapi/v2",
    "/readyz",
    "/readyz/autoregister-completion",
    "/readyz/etcd",
    "/readyz/log",
    "/readyz/ping",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/apiservice-openapi-controller",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/apiservice-registration-controller",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/apiservice-status-available-controller",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/bootstrap-controller",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/crd-informer-synced",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/generic-apiserver-start-informers",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/kube-apiserver-autoregistration",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/rbac/bootstrap-roles",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/scheduling/bootstrap-system-priority-classes",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/start-apiextensions-controllers",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/start-apiextensions-informers",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/start-cluster-authentication-info-controller",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/start-kube-aggregator-informers",
    "/readyz/poststarthook/start-kube-apiserver-admission-initializer",
    "/readyz/shutdown",
    "/version"
  ]
}

实验完成

博主声明：本文的内容来源主要来自誉天教育晏威老师，由本人实验完成操作验证，需要的博友请联系誉天教育（http://www.yutianedu.com/），获得官方同意或者晏老师（https://www.cnblogs.com/breezey/）本人同意即可转载，谢谢！

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zyxnhr/p/12209894.html

时间： 2024-11-08 20:22:27