oracle网络配置：
1、监听的相关概念
路径：
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/samples/tnsnames.ora
tnsping orcl 请求服务名
用户进程
名词解析(user process)----请求连接请求-----listener-服务进程(server process)
配置和管理 oracle NetWork工具
Enterprise Manager
Oracle Net Manager 命令行：netmgr
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant 命令行：netca
命令行： lsnrctl
netca:创建网络相关
dbca：创建数据库
asmca：asm创建
dbua：数据库升级
如果安装了grid 监听受到grid监管，要在grid环境下执行lsnrctl
没有安装grid的话直接在database环境下执行lsnrctl
lsnrctl status/start/stop;
LSNRCTL> help
The following operations are available
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:
start stop status
services version reload
save_config trace spawn
change_password quit exit
set* show*
查看监听具体信息(安装grid)：
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 24-MAY-2017 18:51:25
Uptime 4 days 0 hr. 19 min. 44 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.or
aListener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oel/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oel)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
目前有 LISTENER 这个监听
多个监听，如何配置？
配置工具：
netmgr 或者 netca
我刚刚创建了2个监听aec及test，包括LISTENER就有3个监听
查看监听
lsnrctl status LISTENER; //1521
lsnrctl status aec; //1522
lsnrctl status test; //1523
启动监听
lsnrctl start aec;
lsnrctl start test;
配置信息你可以通过管理界面配置好之后学习一下：
vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
ADR_BASE_AEC = /u01/app/oracle
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
AEC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1522))
)
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER = ON
TEST =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1523))
)
)
ADR_BASE_TEST = /u01/app/oracle
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_TEST=ON
2、管理监听
简单连接命名：tcp/ip连接字符串 (一般中小公司)
本地命名：本地配置文件
目录命名：LDAP集中目录服务器
外部命名：使用受支持的非oracle命名服务
conn hr/[email protected]
测试监听(简单连接名称解析)
tnsping hostname:1521/orcl
或者
tnsping 192.168.175.60:1521/listener
[[email protected] ~]$ tnsping oel:1521/listener
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAY-2017 20:40:05
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used EZCONNECT adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=listener))(ADDRESS=(PROT
OCOL=TCP)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))OK (10 msec)
支持本地和目录命名：
tnsping listener
客户端配置工具：
netmgr
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
在配置一个
OAEC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
测试：
sqlplus scott/[email protected]
sqlplus scott/[email protected]
如果 tnsnames.ora 什么都不写
那么客户端要连接 手写比较麻烦
sqlplus scott/[email protected]:1521/orcl
3、服务器模式
共享服务器：在SGA中存放用户会话数据
调整SGA大小时，请考虑将共享服务器内存考虑在内。
设置共享服务器时，必须要设置 large_pool 大小(UGA)
什么时候设置呢？（餐馆服务人员太少）
不能设置共享服务器的情况：(下面操作情况的时间都好长！！！)
1、数据库管理
2、备份和恢复操作
3、批处理和批量加载
4、数据仓库操作
不允许长连接操作。
如何设置共享服务器呢？
共享服务器：
alter system set shared_servers=5;
alter system set shared_server_sessions=20;
show parameter dispatchers
select * from v$dispatcher;
alter system set dispatchers=‘(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.0.10)(PORT=14597)(DISPATCHERS=5))‘;
alter system set local_listener=‘(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.0.10)(PORT=7788)))‘;
共享服务器 服务器端配置方法及参数讲解：
1、配置所有吃饭的人进来排成多少队等待被服务
dispatchers
alter system set dispatchers=‘(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=3)‘;
2、配置多少个服务人提供服务
shared_servers
alter system set shared_servers=5;
当生意好的不能再好了，5个服务员不够用了，我还得增加几个，增加多少个到头呢？
max_shared_servers
alter system set max_shared_servers=20;
3、一楼大厅，散座便当可以做100人，二楼、3楼雅座可以做148人，
sessions 248
设置共享服务器和专用服务器并存
shared_server_sessions 100 共享模式
专门模式 248-100=148
##############################################################################
具体配置如下：
alter system set sessions=248 scope=spfile;
SQL> show parameter sessions;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
java_max_sessionspace_size integer 0
java_soft_sessionspace_limit integer 0
license_max_sessions integer 0
license_sessions_warning integer 0
sessions integer 248
shared_server_sessions integer
SQL> alter system set dispatchers=‘(protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=3)‘;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter dispatcher;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
dispatchers string (protocol=tcp)(dispatchers=3)
max_dispatchers integer
SQL> alter system set shared_servers=5;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter shared_server;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
max_shared_servers integer
shared_server_sessions integer
shared_servers integer 5
SQL> alter system set max_shared_servers=20;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter max_shared_servers;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
max_shared_servers integer 20
SQL> show parameter sessions;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
java_max_sessionspace_size integer 0
java_soft_sessionspace_limit integer 0
license_max_sessions integer 0
license_sessions_warning integer 0
sessions integer 248
shared_server_sessions integer
SQL> alter system set shared_server_sessions=100;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter session;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
java_max_sessionspace_size integer 0
java_soft_sessionspace_limit integer 0
license_max_sessions integer 0
license_sessions_warning integer 0
session_cached_cursors integer 50
session_max_open_files integer 10
sessions integer 248
shared_server_sessions integer 100
SQL>
####################################################################################
客户端设置：
tnsnames.ora
共享设置：
orcl_sh =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = SHARED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
专有设置
orcl_sh =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
测试一下
tnsping orcl_sh
tnsping orcl_de
sqlplus scott/[email protected]_sh
sqlplus scott/[email protected]_de
查看当前有没有排队current
LSNRCTL> services
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:3 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 4 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"D002" established:2 refused:0 current:3 max:1022 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: oel, pid: 2681>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oel)(PORT=18845))
"D001" established:3 refused:0 current:2 max:1022 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: oel, pid: 2677>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oel)(PORT=33604))
"D000" established:4 refused:0 current:1 max:1022 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: oel, pid: 5861>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oel)(PORT=45766))
"DEDICATED" established:1 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 0 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
4、数据库连接
A数据库可以查询B数据库 dblink