http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-constipation
What is Constipation?
In this article
- What Are the Symptoms?
- Why Does It Happen?
- How Do Doctors Diagnose It?
- What Should I Do If I Am Constipated?
- When Should I Call My Doctor?
- Can I Prevent Constipation?
Being constipated means your bowel movements are difficult or happen less often than normal. Almost everyone has it at some point in life, and it‘s usually not serious. Still, you‘ll feel much better when your system is back on track.
The normal length of time between bowel movements varies widely from person to person. Some people have bowel movements three times a day. Others have them only once or twice a week.
Going longer than three or more days without one is usually too long. After three days, the stool or feces become harder and tougher to pass.
What Are the Symptoms?
You may have:
- Few bowel movements
- Trouble having a bowel movement (straining)
- Hard or small stools
- A sense that everything didn’t come out
- Swollen abdomen or abdominal pain
- Vomiting
Why Does It Happen?
Some causes of constipation include:
- Antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum
- Changes in your usual diet or activities
- Colon cancer
- Eating a lot of dairy products.
- Eating disorders
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Neurological conditions such as Parkinson‘s disease or multiple sclerosis
- Not being active
- Not enough water or fiber in your diet
- Overuse of laxatives (Over time, this weakens the bowel muscles)
- Pregnancy
- Problems with the nerves and muscles in the digestive system
- Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement, which some people do because of hemorrhoids
- Some medications (especially strong pain drugs such as narcotics, antidepressants, or iron pills)
- Stress
- Under active thyroid (hypothyroidism)
How Do Doctors Diagnose It?
If you have trouble with your bowel movements for more than two weeks, you should see your doctor. He or she may ask for these tests to find the cause of your constipation:
- Blood tests to check on hormone levels
- Barium studies to look for any blockages in your colon. For this test, you‘ll down a special drink and then get an X-ray.
- Colonoscopy or other tests to look for blockages in your colon
What Should I Do If I Am Constipated?
Try these steps:
- Drink two to four extra glasses of water a day (unless your doctor told you to limit fluids for another health reason).
- Try warm liquids, especially in the morning.
- Add fruits and vegetables to your diet.
- Eat prunes and bran cereal.
- If needed, use a very mild over-the-counter stool softener like docusate (Peri-Colace) or a laxative like magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia). Do not use laxatives for more than two weeks without calling your doctor. Laxative overuse can worsen your symptoms.
有什么症状？
你可能有：
- 很少有排便
- 大便麻烦（紧张）
- 硬或小凳子
- 从某种意义上说，一切都没有出来
- 腹部肿胀或腹部疼痛
- 呕吐
它为何发生？
便秘的原因包括：
- 含钙和铝的抗酸药
- 在你平时的饮食和活动的变化
- 结肠癌
- 吃大量的奶制品。
- 饮食失调
- 过敏性肠综合征
- 神经系统疾病，如帕金森氏症或多发性硬化症
- 运动不足
- 没有足够的水和纤维在你的饮食
- 泻药滥用（随着时间的推移，这削弱了肠道肌肉）
- 怀孕
- 在消化系统的神经和肌肉的问题
- 抗拒的冲动大便，其中一些人因为痔疮做
- 有些药物（尤其是强烈的疼痛的药物如麻醉剂，抗抑郁药，或铁丸）
- 压力过大
- 正在积极甲状腺（甲减）
如何医生诊断呢？
如果你有你的排便麻烦两周以上，就应该去看医生。他或她可能会要求这些测试找到你的便秘的原因：
- 验血检查激素水平
- 钡研究，以寻找在你的结肠任何堵塞。在这个测试中，你下来特饮，然后得到一个X射线。
- 结肠镜检查或其他测试，以寻找在你的结肠堵塞
我应该怎么做，如果我是便秘？
请尝试以下步骤：
- 喝两到四个水额外的眼镜，每天（除非你的医生告诉你要限制液体另一个健康原因）。
- 试试温暖的液体，特别是在早晨。
- 添加的水果和蔬菜，你的饮食。
- 吃李子和麸麦片。
- 如果需要，使用像多库酯（围Colace）或类似氢氧化镁泻药（镁乳），一个非常温和的过度的柜台大便软化剂。不要使用超过两周泻药，而无需调用你的医生。过度使用泻药会加重你的症状。
什么是便秘？
什么时候我应该叫我的医生？
打电话给医生立即如果您有腹痛或痉挛突然便秘，你是不是能够通过任何气体或粪便。
此外，打电话给你的医生，如果：
- 便秘是你一个新问题
- 你在你的大便有血
- 你正在减肥，即使你不节食
- 你有排便疼痛剧烈
- 你的便秘已经持续了两个多星期
- 你有铅笔，大便稀薄
我能预防便秘？
在很多情况下，你可以。这些东西帮助：
- 吃用大量的纤维均衡的饮食。纤维的良好来源是水果，蔬菜，豆类和全麦面包和谷物（特别是麸皮）。
- 喝下1 1/2至2夸脱其他液体，每天（除非你的医生你对流体限制饮食）。纤维和水一起工作，让你有规律的。
- 避免咖啡因。它可以是脱水。
- 检查牛奶。有些人可能需要避免，因为奶制品可能constipating他们。
- 经常锻炼。
- 去洗手间时感觉的冲动。
What is Constipation?
In this article
- What Are the Symptoms?
- Why Does It Happen?
- How Do Doctors Diagnose It?
- What Should I Do If I Am Constipated?
- When Should I Call My Doctor?
- Can I Prevent Constipation?
When Should I Call My Doctor?
Call your doctor right away if you have sudden constipation with abdominal pain or cramping and you are not able to pass any gas or stool.
Also, call your doctor if:
- Constipation is a new problem for you
- You have blood in your stool
- You are losing weight even though you are not dieting
- You have severe pain with bowel movements
- Your constipation has lasted more than two weeks
- You have pencil-thin stools
SLIDESHOW
A Visual Guide to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Can I Prevent Constipation?
In many cases, you can. These things help:
- Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fiber. Good sources of fiber are fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole-grain bread and cereal (especially bran).
- Drink 1 1/2 to 2 quarts of water and other fluids a day (unless your doctor has you on a fluid-restricted diet). Fiber and water work together to keep you regular.
- Avoid caffeine. It can be dehydrating.
- Check on milk. Some people may need to avoid it because dairy products may be constipating for them.
- Exercise regularly.
- Go to the bathroom when you feel the urge.