JS是脚本语言,脚本语言都需要一个解析器才能运行。对于写在HTML页面里的JS,浏览器充当了解析器的角色。而对于需要独立运行的JS,NodeJS就是一个解析器。每一种解析器都是一个运行环境,不但允许JS定义各种数据结构,进行各种计算,还允许JS使用运行环境提供的内置对象和方法做一些事情。例如运行在浏览器中的JS的用途是操作DOM,浏览器就提供了document之类的内置对象。而运行在NodeJS中的JS的用途是操作磁盘文件或搭建HTTP服务器,NodeJS就相应提供了fs、http等内置对象。Express作为NodeJS的Web应用框架,可以帮助我们快速开发Web网站。
开发环境
- NodeJS:v0.10.30
- npm:1.4.21
- OS:Win7旗舰版 32bit
- Express:4.2.0
- MongoDB:2.6.3
E:\project> node -v v0.10.30 E:\project> npm -v 1.4.21 E:\project> express -V 4.2.0
1、建立工程
使用express命令建立工程,并支持ejs:
E:\project> express -e nodejs-demo create : nodejs-demo create : nodejs-demo/package.json create : nodejs-demo/app.js create : nodejs-demo/public create : nodejs-demo/public/javascripts create : nodejs-demo/public/images create : nodejs-demo/public/stylesheets create : nodejs-demo/public/stylesheets/style.css create : nodejs-demo/routes create : nodejs-demo/routes/index.js create : nodejs-demo/routes/users.js create : nodejs-demo/views create : nodejs-demo/views/index.ejs create : nodejs-demo/views/error.ejs create : nodejs-demo/bin create : nodejs-demo/bin/www install dependencies: $ cd nodejs-demo && npm install run the app: $ DEBUG=nodejs-demo ./bin/www E:\project>
根据提示下载依赖包:
E:\project> cd .\nodejs-demo E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm install npm WARN deprecated static[email protected]: use serve-favicon module static[email protected] node_modules\static-favicon debug@0.7.4 node_modules\debug ejs@0.8.8 node_modules\ejs cookie[email protected] node_modules\cookie-parser ├── cookie[email protected] └── cookie@0.1.0 morgan@1.0.1 node_modules\morgan └── bytes@0.3.0 body[email protected] node_modules\body-parser ├── qs@0.6.6 ├── raw[email protected] ([email protected], [email protected]) └── type-is@1.1.0 ([email protected]) express@4.2.0 node_modules\express ├── parseurl@1.0.1 ├── utils[email protected] ├── cookie@0.1.2 ├── merge[email protected] ├── escape[email protected] ├── range[email protected] ├── fresh@0.2.2 ├── cookie[email protected] ├── debug@0.8.1 ├── methods@1.0.0 ├── buffer[email protected] ├── serve[email protected] ├── path[email protected] ├── qs@0.6.6 ├── send@0.3.0 ([email protected], [email protected]) ├── accepts@1.0.1 ([email protected], [email protected]) └── type-is@1.1.0 ([email protected]) E:\project\nodejs-demo>
工程建立成功,启动服务:
E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm start > [email protected] start E:\project\nodejs-demo > node ./bin/www
本地3000端口被打开,在浏览器地址栏输入localhost:3000,访问成功。
2、目录结构
- bin——存放命令行程序。
- node_modules——存放所有的项目依赖库。
- public——存放静态文件,包括css、js、img等。
- routes——存放路由文件。
- views——存放页面文件(ejs模板)。
- app.js——程序启动文件。
- package.json——项目依赖配置及开发者信息。
E:\project\nodejs-demo> dir 目录: E:\project\nodejs-demo Mode LastWriteTime Length Name ---- ------------- ------ ---- d---- 2014/8/16 21:55 bin d---- 2014/8/16 22:03 node_modules d---- 2014/8/16 21:55 public d---- 2014/8/16 21:55 routes d---- 2014/8/16 21:55 views -a--- 2014/8/16 21:55 1375 app.js -a--- 2014/8/16 21:55 327 package.json
3、Express配置文件
打开app.js:
1 var express = require(‘express‘); 2 var path = require(‘path‘); 3 var favicon = require(‘static-favicon‘); 4 var logger = require(‘morgan‘); 5 var cookieParser = require(‘cookie-parser‘); 6 var bodyParser = require(‘body-parser‘); 7 8 var routes = require(‘./routes/index‘); 9 var users = require(‘./routes/users‘); 10 11 var app = express(); 12 13 // view engine setup 14 app.set(‘views‘, path.join(__dirname, ‘views‘)); 15 app.set(‘view engine‘, ‘ejs‘); 16 17 app.use(favicon()); 18 app.use(logger(‘dev‘)); 19 app.use(bodyParser.json()); 20 app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded()); 21 app.use(cookieParser()); 22 app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, ‘public‘))); 23 24 app.use(‘/‘, routes); 25 app.use(‘/users‘, users); 26 27 /// catch 404 and forward to error handler 28 app.use(function(req, res, next) { 29 var err = new Error(‘Not Found‘); 30 err.status = 404; 31 next(err); 32 }); 33 34 /// error handlers 35 36 // development error handler 37 // will print stacktrace 38 if (app.get(‘env‘) === ‘development‘) { 39 app.use(function(err, req, res, next) { 40 res.status(err.status || 500); 41 res.render(‘error‘, { 42 message: err.message, 43 error: err 44 }); 45 }); 46 } 47 48 // production error handler 49 // no stacktraces leaked to user 50 app.use(function(err, req, res, next) { 51 res.status(err.status || 500); 52 res.render(‘error‘, { 53 message: err.message, 54 error: {} 55 }); 56 }); 57 58 59 module.exports = app;
4、Ejs模板
修改app.js,让ejs模板文件使用扩展名为html的文件:
13 // view engine setup 14 app.set(‘views‘, path.join(__dirname, ‘views‘)); 15 //app.set(‘view engine‘, ‘ejs‘); 16 app.engine(‘html‘, require(‘ejs‘).renderFile); 17 app.set(‘view engine‘, ‘html‘);
修改完成后,重命名views/index.ejs为views/index.html。重启服务,访问成功。
5、安装常用库及页面分离
添加bootstrap和jQuery:
E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm install bootstrap bootstrap@3.2.0 node_modules\bootstrap E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm install jquery jquery@2.1.1 node_modules\jquery E:\project\nodejs-demo>
接下来,把index.html分成三个部分:
- header.html——页面头部区域。
- index.html——页面内容区域。
- footer.html——页面底部区域。
header.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <title><%= title %></title> 6 <!-- Bootstrap --> 7 <link href="/stylesheets/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"> 8 </head> 9 <body screen_capture_injected="true">
index.html
1 <% include header.html %> 2 <h1><%= title %></h1> 3 <p>Welcome to <%= title %></p> 4 <% include footer.html %>
footer.html
1 <script src="/javascripts/jquery.min.js"></script> 2 <script src="/javascripts/bootstrap.min.js"></script> 3 </body> 4 </html>
重启服务,访问成功。
6、路由
登录设计:
访问路径 | 页面 | 描述 |
/ | index.html | 不需要登录,可以直接访问。 |
/home | home.html | 必须用户登录以后,才可以访问。 |
/login | login.html | 登录页面,用户名密码输入正确,自动跳转到home.html。 |
/logout | 无 | 退出登录后,自动跳转到index.html。 |
打开app.js文件,增加路由配置:
26 app.use(‘/‘, routes); 27 app.use(‘/users‘, users); 28 app.use(‘/login‘, routes); 29 app.use(‘/logout‘, routes); 30 app.use(‘/home‘, routes);
打开routes/index.js文件,添加对应方法:
1 var express = require(‘express‘); 2 var router = express.Router(); 3 4 /* GET home page. */ 5 router.get(‘/‘, function(req, res) { 6 res.render(‘index‘, { title: ‘Express‘ }); 7 }); 8 9 router.route(‘/login‘) 10 .get(function(req, res) { 11 res.render(‘login‘, { title: ‘用户登录‘ }); 12 }) 13 .post(function(req, res) { 14 var user={ 15 username: ‘admin‘, 16 password: ‘123456‘ 17 } 18 if(req.body.username === user.username && req.body.password === user.password){ 19 res.redirect(‘/home‘); 20 } 21 res.redirect(‘/login‘); 22 }); 23 24 router.get(‘/logout‘, function(req, res) { 25 res.redirect(‘/‘); 26 }); 27 28 router.get(‘/home‘, function(req, res) { 29 var user={ 30 username:‘admin‘, 31 password:‘123456‘ 32 } 33 res.render(‘home‘, { title: ‘Home‘, user: user }); 34 }); 35 36 module.exports = router;
创建views/login.html和views/home.html两个文件:
login.html
1 <% include header.html %> 2 <div class="container"> 3 <form class="col-sm-offset-4 col-sm-4 form-horizontal" role="form" method="post"> 4 <fieldset> 5 <legend>用户登录</legend> 6 <div class="form-group"> 7 <label class="col-sm-3 control-label" for="username">用户名</label> 8 <div class="col-sm-9"> 9 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" placeholder="用户名" required> 10 </div> 11 </div> 12 <div class="form-group"> 13 <label class="col-sm-3 control-label" for="password">密码</label> 14 <div class="col-sm-9"> 15 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="密码" required> 16 </div> 17 </div> 18 <div class="form-group"> 19 <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"> 20 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button> 21 </div> 22 </div> 23 </fieldset> 24 </form> 25 </div> 26 <% include footer.html %>
home.html
1 <% include header.html %> 2 <h1>Welcome <%= user.username %>, 欢迎登录!!</h1> 3 <a class="btn" href="/logout">退出</a> 4 <% include footer.html %>
修改index.html,增加登录链接:
1 <% include header.html %> 2 <h1>Welcome to <%= title %></h1> 3 <p><a href="/login">登录</a></p> 4 <% include footer.html %>
路由及页面已准备好,重启服务,访问成功。
7、session
安装中间件express-session:
E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm install express-session express[email protected] node_modules\express-session ├── cookie@0.1.2 ├── cookie[email protected] ├── on[email protected] ├── utils[email protected] ├── parseurl@1.3.0 ├── buffer[email protected] ├── depd@0.4.4 ├── debug@1.0.4 ([email protected]) └── uid[email protected] ([email protected], [email protected]) E:\project\nodejs-demo>
安装中间件connect-mongodb:
E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm install connect-mongodb > [email protected] install E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\connect-mongodb\nod e_modules\mongodb\node_modules\kerberos > (node-gyp rebuild 2> builderror.log) || (exit 0) | E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\connect-mongodb\node_modules\mongodb\node_mo dules\kerberos>node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild | > [email protected] install E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\connect-mongodb\node_m odules\mongodb\node_modules\bson > (node-gyp rebuild 2> builderror.log) || (exit 0) E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\connect-mongodb\node_modules\mongodb\node_mo dules\bson>node "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\. .\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js" rebuild connect[email protected] node_modules\connect-mongodb ├── connect@1.9.2 ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) └── mongodb@1.4.8 ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) E:\project\nodejs-demo>
安装中间件mongodb:
E:\project\nodejs-demo> npm install mongodb - > [email protected] install E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\mongodb\node_module s\kerberos > (node-gyp rebuild 2> builderror.log) || (exit 0) - E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\mongodb\node_modules\kerberos>node "C:\Progr am Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\b in\node-gyp.js" rebuild | > [email protected] install E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\mongodb\node_modules\b son > (node-gyp rebuild 2> builderror.log) || (exit 0) E:\project\nodejs-demo\node_modules\mongodb\node_modules\bson>node "C:\Program F iles\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\node-gyp-bin\\..\..\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\n ode-gyp.js" rebuild mongodb@1.4.8 node_modules\mongodb ├── kerberos@0.0.3 ├── readable[email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], inheri ts@2.0.1, core-util-is@1.0.1) └── bson@0.2.11 ([email protected]) E:\project\nodejs-demo>
添加database/settings.js和database/msession.js这两个文件:
settings.js
1 module.exports = { 2 COOKIE_SECRET: ‘ywang1724.com‘, 3 URL: ‘mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/nodedb‘, 4 DB: ‘nodedb‘, 5 HOST: ‘127.0.0.1‘, 6 PORT: 27017, 7 USERNAME: ‘admin‘, 8 PASSWORD: ‘123456‘ 9 };
msession.js
1 var Settings = require(‘./settings‘); 2 var Db = require(‘mongodb‘).Db; 3 var Server = require(‘mongodb‘).Server; 4 var db = new Db(Settings.DB, new Server(Settings.HOST, Settings.PORT, {auto_reconnect:true, native_parser: true}),{safe: false}); 5 6 module.exports = db;
修改app.js文件:
1 var express = require(‘express‘); 2 var path = require(‘path‘); 3 var favicon = require(‘static-favicon‘); 4 var logger = require(‘morgan‘); 5 var cookieParser = require(‘cookie-parser‘); 6 var bodyParser = require(‘body-parser‘); 7 8 //采用connect-mongodb中间件作为Session存储 9 var session = require(‘express-session‘); 10 var Settings = require(‘./database/settings‘); 11 var MongoStore = require(‘connect-mongodb‘); 12 var db = require(‘./database/msession‘); 13 14 var routes = require(‘./routes/index‘); 15 var users = require(‘./routes/users‘); 16 17 var app = express(); 18 19 // view engine setup 20 app.set(‘views‘, path.join(__dirname, ‘views‘)); 21 //app.set(‘view engine‘, ‘ejs‘); 22 app.engine(‘html‘, require(‘ejs‘).renderFile); 23 app.set(‘view engine‘, ‘html‘); 24 25 app.use(favicon()); 26 app.use(logger(‘dev‘)); 27 app.use(bodyParser.json()); 28 app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded()); 29 app.use(cookieParser()); 30 //session配置 31 app.use(session({ 32 cookie: { maxAge: 600000 }, 33 secret: Settings.COOKIE_SECRET, 34 store: new MongoStore({ 35 username: Settings.USERNAME, 36 password: Settings.PASSWORD, 37 url: Settings.URL, 38 db: db}) 39 })) 40 app.use(function(req, res, next){ 41 res.locals.user = req.session.user; 42 next(); 43 }); 44 45 app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, ‘public‘))); 46 47 ......
修改index.js文件:
1 var express = require(‘express‘); 2 var router = express.Router(); 3 4 /* GET home page. */ 5 router.get(‘/‘, function(req, res) { 6 res.render(‘index‘, { title: ‘Express‘ }); 7 }); 8 9 router.route(‘/login‘) 10 .get(function(req, res) { 11 res.render(‘login‘, { title: ‘用户登录‘ }); 12 }) 13 .post(function(req, res) { 14 var user = { 15 username: ‘admin‘, 16 password: ‘123456‘ 17 } 18 if(req.body.username === user.username && req.body.password === user.password){ 19 req.session.user = user; 20 res.redirect(‘/home‘); 21 } else { 22 res.redirect(‘/login‘); 23 } 24 }); 25 26 router.get(‘/logout‘, function(req, res) { 27 req.session.user = null; 28 res.redirect(‘/‘); 29 }); 30 31 router.get(‘/home‘, function(req, res) { 32 res.render(‘home‘, { title: ‘Home‘ }); 33 }); 34 35 module.exports = router;
本地安装数据库MongoDB,新建用户nodedb。重启服务,访问成功。
8、页面访问控制及提示
访问控制设计:
访问路径 | 描述 |
/ | 任何人都可以访问,不需要认证。 |
/home | 拦截get请求,调用authentication()进行认证,不通过则自动跳转到登录页面。 |
/login | 任何人都可以访问,不需要认证。 |
/logout | 任何人都可以访问,不需要认证。 |
修改index.js文件:
34 router.get(‘/home‘, function(req, res) { 35 authentication(req, res); 36 res.render(‘home‘, { title: ‘Home‘ }); 37 }); 38 39 function authentication(req, res) { 40 if (!req.session.user) { 41 return res.redirect(‘/login‘); 42 } 43 }
重启服务,访问成功。
添加页面提示,修改app.js文件,增加res.locals.message:
40 app.use(function(req, res, next) { 41 res.locals.user = req.session.user; 42 var err = req.session.error; 43 delete req.session.error; 44 res.locals.message = ‘‘; 45 if (err) { 46 res.locals.message = ‘<div class="alert alert-warning">‘ + err + ‘</div>‘; 47 } 48 next(); 49 });
修改index.js文件,增加req.session.error:
1 var express = require(‘express‘); 2 var router = express.Router(); 3 4 /* GET home page. */ 5 router.get(‘/‘, function(req, res) { 6 res.render(‘index‘, { title: ‘Express‘ }); 7 }); 8 9 router.route(‘/login‘) 10 .get(function(req, res) { 11 if (req.session.user) { 12 res.redirect(‘/home‘); 13 } 14 res.render(‘login‘, { title: ‘用户登录‘ }); 15 }) 16 .post(function(req, res) { 17 var user = { 18 username: ‘admin‘, 19 password: ‘123456‘ 20 } 21 if (req.body.username === user.username && req.body.password === user.password) { 22 req.session.user = user; 23 res.redirect(‘/home‘); 24 } else { 25 req.session.error=‘用户名或密码不正确‘; 26 res.redirect(‘/login‘); 27 } 28 }); 29 30 router.get(‘/logout‘, function(req, res) { 31 req.session.user = null; 32 res.redirect(‘/‘); 33 }); 34 35 router.get(‘/home‘, function(req, res) { 36 authentication(req, res); 37 res.render(‘home‘, { title: ‘Home‘ }); 38 }); 39 40 function authentication(req, res) { 41 if (!req.session.user) { 42 req.session.error=‘请先登录‘; 43 return res.redirect(‘/login‘); 44 } 45 } 46 47 module.exports = router;
修改login.html,增加<%- message %>:
5 <legend>用户登录</legend> 6 <%- message %> 7 <div class="form-group">
重启服务,访问成功。输入错误用户名密码:
图1 登录不成功提示
NodeJS学习笔记(一)——搭建开发框架Express,实现Web网站登录验证