iOS: Core Data入门

Core Data是ORM框架，很像.NET框架中的EntityFramework。使用的基本步骤是：

• 在项目属性里引入CoreData.framework (标准库)
• 在项目中新建DataModel (生成*.xcdatamodeld文件)
• 在DataModel里创建Entity
• 为Entity生成头文件(菜单Editor/Create NSMangedObject Subclass...)
• 在项目唯一的委托类(AppDelegate.h, AppDelegate.m)里添加managedObjectContext 用来操作Core Data
• 代码任意位置引用 managedObjectContext 读写数据

生成的头文件：

/* Book.h */
@interface Book : NSManagedObject

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * bookId;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * name;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * author;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * summary;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSSet *myChapters;
@end

@interface Book (CoreDataGeneratedAccessors)

- (void)addMyChaptersObject:(NSManagedObject *)value;
- (void)removeMyChaptersObject:(NSManagedObject *)value;
- (void)addMyChapters:(NSSet *)values;
- (void)removeMyChapters:(NSSet *)values;

@end

/* Chapter.h */
@class Book;
@interface Chapter : NSManagedObject

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * chapId;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * name;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * orderId;
@property (nonatomic, retain) Book *ownerBook;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSManagedObject *myContent;

@end

/* TextContent.h */
@class Chapter;

@interface TextContent : NSManagedObject

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber * chapId;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * text;
@property (nonatomic, retain) Chapter *ownerChapter;

@end

委托类代码

// AppDelegate.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <CoreData/CoreData.h>

#import "Book.h"
#import "Chapter.h"
#import "TextContent.h"

@interface AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>

@property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext;

@end

AppDelegate.m

@implementation AppDelegate
@synthesize managedObjectContext = _managedObjectContext;

-(NSManagedObjectContext *)managedObjectContext
{
    if (_managedObjectContext != nil) {
        return _managedObjectContext;
    }

    _managedObjectContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc]init];

    // 设置数据库路径
    NSURL *url = [[[NSFileManager defaultManager]
                   URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask]lastObject];
    NSURL *storeDataBaseURL = [url URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"BOOKS.sqlite"];

    // 创建presistentStoreCoordinator
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *presistentStoreCoordinator  = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[NSManagedObjectModel mergedModelFromBundles: nil]];

    // 指定存储类型和路径
    if (![presistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType
                configuration:nil URL:storeDataBaseURL options:nil error:&error]) {
        NSLog(@"error : %@", error);
    }

    [_managedObjectContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator: presistentStoreCoordinator];
    return _managedObjectContext;
}

使用_managedObjectContext操作Core Data

// 保存新对象
-(void) testStore
{
    // 从AppDelegate 获得context
    AppDelegate *appDelegate = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [appDelegate managedObjectContext];

    // 第一个章节
    TextContent *content1 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"TextContent" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    content1.chapId = [NSNumber numberWithInt:100];
    content1.text = @"hello1";

    Chapter *chapter1 = (Chapter *)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Chapter" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    chapter1.name = @"hello1";
    chapter1.orderId = [NSNumber numberWithInt:0];
    chapter1.chapId =  [NSNumber numberWithInt:100];
    chapter1.myContent = content1;

    // 第二个章节
    TextContent *content2 = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"TextContent" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    content2.chapId = [NSNumber numberWithInt:100];
    content2.text = @"hello2";

    Chapter *chapter2 = (Chapter *)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Chapter" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    chapter2.name = @"hello2";
    chapter2.orderId = [NSNumber numberWithInt:1];
    chapter2.chapId =  [NSNumber numberWithInt:101];
    chapter2.myContent = content2;

    // 书籍对象
    Book *book = (Book *)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Book" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    book.bookId = [NSNumber numberWithInt:100];
    book.name = @"hello";
    book.author = @"Kitty";
    book.summary = @"test";
    [book addMyChaptersObject:chapter1];
    [book addMyChaptersObject:chapter2];

    // 提交到持久存储
    if ([context hasChanges]) {
        [context save:nil];
    }
}

// 读取对象
-(void) testRead
{
    // 从AppDelegate 获得context
    AppDelegate *appDelegate = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [appDelegate managedObjectContext];

    // 生成查询对象 （查询全部数据）
    NSEntityDescription *entityDescr = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Book" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc]init];
    [request setEntity:entityDescr];

    // 执行查询
    NSError *error;
    NSArray *arrayBooks = [context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];

    // 定义排序方式 （根据集合中Chapter对象的orderId属性排序，升序）
    NSSortDescriptor *chaptersDescriptor = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"orderId" ascending:YES];

    // 遍历结果集
    for (Book *book in arrayBooks) {

        // 使用当前对象属性
        NSLog(@"book name = %@", book.name);

        // 使用当前对象的集合属性，转成数组
        NSArray *arrayChapters = [book.myChapters allObjects];

        // 排序
        arrayChapters = [arrayChapters
                          sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:chaptersDescriptor,nil]];

        // 遍历子数组
        for (Chapter *chapter in arrayChapters) {
            NSLog(@"chapter name = %@", chapter.name);

            TextContent *content = (TextContent*) chapter.myContent;
            NSLog(@"chapter text = %@", content.text);
        }
    }
}

// 更新对象属性
-(void) testUpdate
{
    // 从AppDelegate 获得context
    AppDelegate *appDelegate = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [appDelegate managedObjectContext];

    // 生成Request对象
    NSEntityDescription *entityDescr = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Book" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc]init];
    [request setEntity:entityDescr];

    // 执行查询
    NSError *error;
    NSArray *array = [context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];

    // 更改对象属性
    Book * book = array[0];
    book.name = @"BOOKS";

    // 提交到持久存储
    if ([context hasChanges]) {
        [context save:nil];
    }
}

// 删除对象
-(void) testRemove
{
    // 从AppDelegate 获得context
    AppDelegate *appDelegate = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [appDelegate managedObjectContext];

    // 生成Request对象
    NSEntityDescription *entityDescr = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Book" inManagedObjectContext:context];
    NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc]init];
    [request setEntity:entityDescr];

    // 执行查询
    NSError *error;
    NSArray *array = [context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];

    // 遍历删除对象,因为在模型里把关系设置为Cascade,所以子对象会被自动删除
    for (Book *book in array) {
        [context deleteObject:book];
    }

    // 提交到持久存储
    if ([context hasChanges]) {
        [context save:nil];
    }
}