Linux下如何查看使用YUM安装过的包的安装路径呢？ 在搞清楚这个问题前，我们先来了解一下YUM。 YUM（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，避免了手动安装的麻烦(寻找资源、下载；放到指定目录安装；处理依赖关系并下载依赖关系的包进行安装)。所以用yum安装，实质上是用RPM安装，所以RPM查询信息的指令都可用。
如果使用RPM安装了一些包，一般来说，RPM默认安装路径如下：
|
Directory |
Contents of Directory |
|
/etc |
一些配置文件的目录，例如/etc/init.d/mysql |
|
/usr/bin |
一些可执行文件 |
|
/usr/lib |
一些程序使用的动态函数库 |
|
/usr/share/doc |
一些基本的软件使用手册与帮助文档 |
|
/usr/share/man |
一些man page文件 |
以MySQL的安装为例，我们使用RPM方式安装了MySQL的两个包，其实rpm有两个参数-l和-c可以帮助我们查看具体的安装路径。
-l 显示软件包中的文件列表
-c 显示配置文件列表
那么我们可以使用“rpm -ql 包名”来查看具体的安装路径。如下所示：
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5
MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5
/usr/bin/msql2mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/bin/mysql_config_editor
/usr/bin/mysql_find_rows
/usr/bin/mysql_waitpid
/usr/bin/mysqlaccess
/usr/bin/mysqlaccess.conf
/usr/bin/mysqladmin
/usr/bin/mysqlbinlog
/usr/bin/mysqlcheck
/usr/bin/mysqldump
/usr/bin/mysqlimport
/usr/bin/mysqlshow
/usr/bin/mysqlslap
/usr/share/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_config_editor.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_waitpid.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz
[[email protected] tmp]# rpm -ql MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5
/etc/init.d/mysql
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/etc/my.cnf
/usr/bin/innochecksum
/usr/bin/my_print_defaults
/usr/bin/myisam_ftdump
/usr/bin/myisamchk
/usr/bin/myisamlog
/usr/bin/myisampack
/usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format
/usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions
/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
/usr/bin/mysql_plugin
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
/usr/bin/mysql_upgrade
/usr/bin/mysql_zap
/usr/bin/mysqlbug
/usr/bin/mysqld_multi
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe
/usr/bin/mysqldumpslow
/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy
/usr/bin/mysqltest
.....................................................
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qc MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]#
在MySQL的官方文档，你可以看到RPM包所在的安装目录。我们使用rpm -ql 对比验证了一下，基本都OK，但是很奇怪的是，在上面这个版本中，我没有找到/etc/my.cnf，而是/usr/my.cnf
MySQL 5.6
|
Directory |
Contents of Directory |
|
/usr/bin |
Client programs and scripts |
|
/usr/sbin |
The mysqld server |
|
/var/lib/mysql |
Log files, databases |
|
/var/lib/mysql-files |
Value of secure_file_priv |
|
/usr/share/info |
MySQL manual in Info format |
|
/usr/share/man |
Unix manual pages |
|
/usr/include/mysql |
Include (header) files |
|
/usr/lib/mysql |
Libraries |
|
/usr/share/mysql |
Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation |
|
/usr/share/sql-bench |
Benchmarks |
MySQL 5.7
|
Files or Resources |
Location |
|
Client programs and scripts |
/usr/bin |
|
mysqld server |
/usr/sbin |
|
Configuration file |
/etc/my.cnf |
|
Data directory |
/var/lib/mysql |
|
Error log file |
For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log |
|
Value of secure_file_priv |
/var/lib/mysql-files |
|
System V init script |
For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql |
|
Systemd service |
For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld For SLES: mysql |
|
Pid file |
/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid |
|
Socket |
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock |
|
Keyring directory |
/var/lib/mysql-keyring |
|
Unix manual pages |
/usr/share/man |
|
Include (header) files |
/usr/include/mysql |
|
Libraries |
/usr/lib/mysql |
|
Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files) |
/usr/share/mysql |
另外一台测试服务器，使用yum安装了mysql-community-server-5.7.18，测试验证发现又是正常。 暂时不清楚这个细节问题。
