用matplotlib绘制带误差的条形图及中英文字体设置

  1 #!/usr/bin/env python3
  2
  3 ## 以下是一个带误差条的条形图的例子，演示了误差条形图的绘制及中英文字体设置
  4 import numpy as np
  5 import matplotlib as mpl
  6 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  7 from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties as FP
  8
  9 # %matplotlib inline
 10 # %config InlineBackend.figure_format = ‘svg‘
 11
 12 mpl.rcParams[‘text.usetex‘] = False
 13 mpl.rcParams[‘figure.figsize‘] = (7.40, 5.55) # unit: inch
 14 mpl.rcParams[‘figure.frameon‘] = False
 15
 16 ## 中文设置
 17 # matplotlib默认不支持ttc，所以可以将ttc转换ttf先。
 18 # 将Windows字体 simsun.ttc上传到 https://transfonter.org/ttc-unpack 在线转换成TTF，
 19 # 得到simsun.ttf和nsimsun.ttf，将两个ttf文件放到PYTHON安装目录的
 20 # Lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data\fonts\ttf 子目录下。
 21 # 删除字体缓存以便重新生成字体缓存：$HOME/.matplotlib/fontList.py3k.cache
 22
 23
 24 # 全局中文设置
 25 mpl.rcParams[‘font.family‘] = ‘sans-serif‘
 26 mpl.rcParams[‘font.sans-serif‘] = ‘NSimSun,Times New Roman‘
 27
 28 # 局部中文：设置分别为中文和英文设置两个FontProperties，以便局部切换中英文字体
 29 cfp = FP(‘NSimSun‘, size=12)
 30 efp = FP(‘Times New Roman‘, size=12)
 31
 32 fig,ax = plt.subplots()
 33
 34 xticklabels = (‘G1‘, ‘G2‘, ‘G3‘)
 35 ylabel = ‘d‘
 36
 37 male_means = (9, 10, 9)
 38 male_std = (4.66, 3.52, 5.32)
 39 female_means = (12, 14, 12)
 40 female_std = (6.96, 5.46, 3.61)
 41 title = ‘XX实验结果‘
 42
 43 N=3
 44 ind = np.arange(N)  # the x locations for the groups
 45 width = 0.35  # the width of the bars
 46 with plt.style.context((‘ggplot‘)):
 47     rects1 = ax.bar(
 48         ind - 0.02, female_means, width, color=‘darkgrey‘, yerr=female_std)
 49     rects2 = ax.bar(
 50         ind + 0.02 + width,
 51         male_means,
 52         width,
 53         color=‘lightgrey‘,
 54         yerr=male_std)
 55
 56     ax.set_ylabel(‘d‘, fontproperties=efp, rotation=0)
 57     # 在label、title中可用参数‘fontproperties‘ 指定字体
 58
 59     ax.yaxis.set_label_coords(-0.05, 0.95)
 60     ax.set_title(title)
 61     ax.set_xticks(ind + width / 2)
 62
 63     ax.set_xticklabels(xticklabels, fontproperties=efp)
 64
 65     ax.legend((rects1[0], rects2[0]), (‘处理A‘, ‘处理B‘), prop=cfp, framealpha=0)
 66     # 在legend中可用参数‘prop‘指定字体,注意不是‘fontproperties‘
 67
 68     def autolabel(rects, yerr):
 69         """
 70         Attach a text label above each bar displaying its height
 71         """
 72         for i in range(0, N):
 73             rect = rects[i]
 74             height = rect.get_height()
 75             ax.text(
 76                 rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2.,
 77                 1.05 * height,
 78                 ‘%0.2f‘ % yerr[i],
 79                 ha=‘left‘,
 80                 va=‘bottom‘,
 81                 family=‘Georgia‘,
 82                 fontsize=9)
 83             #在text函数中可用family和fontsize指定字体
 84
 85     autolabel(rects1, female_means)
 86     autolabel(rects2, male_means)
 87
 88 ax.text(
 89     1,
 90    20,
 91     ‘Hello World‘,
 92     color = ‘b‘,
 93     ha=‘left‘,
 94     va=‘bottom‘,
 95     fontproperties=efp)
 96 # 在text函数中也可用fontproperties指定字体
 97
 98 fig.tight_layout()
 99 fig.savefig(‘filename.svg‘, format=‘svg‘)
100 # 保存为矢量图svg格式，如需插入word，可以用inkscape软件将其转换成emf格式