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1、Date类概述
Date类是从JDK1.1就开始存在的老类,其提供了针对日期进行操作的诸多方法,但其却一直饱受诟病,不同的起始编号,国际化的低支持,JDK官方也认识到这个问题,后台提出使用Calendar类进行日期操作,日期的格式化交给DateFormat,虽然我们已经不再使用Date类中的大多数方法,但是还有一部分保留的内容指的我们一谈。
2、构造器
Date类之前有6大构造器,其中四个已经标注弃用,我们我不再看他,我们重点看另外两个:
1 /** 2 * Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that 3 * it represents the time at which it was allocated, measured to the 4 * nearest millisecond. 5 * 6 * @see java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis() 7 */ 8 public Date() { 9 this(System.currentTimeMillis()); 10 } 11 12 /** 13 * Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it to 14 * represent the specified number of milliseconds since the 15 * standard base time known as "the epoch", namely January 1, 16 * 1970, 00:00:00 GMT. 17 * 18 * @param date the milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT. 19 * @see java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis() 20 */ 21 public Date(long date) { 22 fastTime = date; 23 }
第一个构造器是无参构造器,通过调用System的currentTimeMillis()方法来获取当前时间戳,这个时间戳是从1970年到当前时间的毫秒级数据,第二个构造器,可以将一个毫秒级的数据定义为Date格式的日期。
3、常用方法
Date中定义了诸多的日期操作方法,但是大多数都已弃用,只剩余为数不多的几个方法:
/** * Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT * represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object. * * @return the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT * represented by this date. */ public long getTime() { return getTimeImpl(); } /** * Sets this <code>Date</code> object to represent a point in time that is * <code>time</code> milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT. * * @param time the number of milliseconds. */ public void setTime(long time) { fastTime = time; cdate = null; } /** * Tests if this date is before the specified date. * * @param when a date. * @return <code>true</code> if and only if the instant of time * represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object is strictly * earlier than the instant represented by <tt>when</tt>; * <code>false</code> otherwise. * @exception NullPointerException if <code>when</code> is null. */ public boolean before(Date when) { return getMillisOf(this) < getMillisOf(when); } /** * Tests if this date is after the specified date. * * @param when a date. * @return <code>true</code> if and only if the instant represented * by this <tt>Date</tt> object is strictly later than the * instant represented by <tt>when</tt>; * <code>false</code> otherwise. * @exception NullPointerException if <code>when</code> is null. */ public boolean after(Date when) { return getMillisOf(this) > getMillisOf(when); }
上面显示的四个方法是Date类中现在还在使用的几个常用方法:
long getTime()方法:返回从1970年00:00:00到Date对象所代表时间的毫秒级数据
void setTime(long time)方法:设置一个Date对象用来代表从1970年00:00:00开始的一段毫秒级数据后所代表的时间点
boolean before(Date when)方法:判断Date对象所代表的时间点是否在when所代表的时间点之前
boolean after(Date when)方法:判断Date对象所代表的时间点是否在when所代表的时间点之后
4、其他
Date类实现了java.io.Serializable接口,可以执行序列化与反序列化操作,在Date类中定义了writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)方法和readObject(ObjectInputStream s)方法,分别用于在Date对象进行序列化和反序列化操作时将对象所代表的时间戳(long型数据)进行保存与获取,因为fastTime字段采用transient修饰,其内容会被序列化机制过滤掉,而这个字段内保存的是Date对象所代表时间的时间戳(long型)
有关内容详情见《Java常用API解析——序列化API(一)》
1 private transient long fastTime; 2 3 /** 4 * Save the state of this object to a stream (i.e., serialize it). 5 * 6 * @serialData The value returned by <code>getTime()</code> 7 * is emitted (long). This represents the offset from 8 * January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT in milliseconds. 9 */ 10 private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) 11 throws IOException 12 { 13 s.writeLong(getTimeImpl()); 14 } 15 16 /** 17 * Reconstitute this object from a stream (i.e., deserialize it). 18 */ 19 private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) 20 throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException 21 { 22 fastTime = s.readLong(); 23 }
5、实例解析:
1 public static void main(String[] args) { 2 Date now = new Date();//获取当前时间 3 Date when = new Date(10201020097865L);//根据时间戳定义指定时间点 4 boolean b1 = now.after(when); 5 boolean b2 = now.before(when); 6 Long d1 = now.getTime(); 7 Long d2 = when.getTime(); 8 9 System.out.println("now值为:"+now); 10 System.out.println("when值为:"+when); 11 System.out.println("b1值为:"+b1); 12 System.out.println("b2值为:"+b2); 13 System.out.println("d1值为:"+d1); 14 System.out.println("d2值为:"+d2); 15 16 }
结果为:
now值为:Thu Jul 06 13:39:12 CST 2017 when值为:Tue Apr 04 16:41:37 CST 2293 b1值为:false b2值为:true d1值为:1499319552116 d2值为:10201020097865
6、总结
Date类现在并不推荐使用,Java推荐了Calendar和DateFormat,甚至SimpleDateFormat来替代它,Date中仅剩的几个方法仍然还很实用,尤其是before与after方法,可以很方便的判断两个时间点的先后,当然判断的条件是将你的时间转换成Date格式,使用Date剩余的两个构造器实现即可,当然也可以使用推荐的SimpleDateFormat方法进行简单的格式化日期格式字符串的方式得到Date格式的时间点,这些会在稍后了解到!