socket通常也称作”套接字”，用于描述IP地址和端口，是一个通信链的句柄。应用程序通常通过”套接字”向网络发出请求或者应答网络请求。
这里构建一个简单的例子，客户端发消息，服务端接收，然后回执一条消息。大致能够了解如何使用Socket进行通信。
服务端监听，接收信息：
客户端连接，并发送信息：
使用Socket通信，程序一般会在幕后运行，然后再合适的时间提示信息。这很自然的就会涉及到多线程的问题。在这个例子中因为每个连接都要创建一 个线程，所以需要对线程进行管理。这里我使用了两个类：Connection（管理具体Socket连接）和SocketListener（管理线程和连 接）。
看看代码吧：
1、Connection：服务端用于接收消息，处理具体的连接
1 public class Connection
2 {
3 Socket _connection;
4
5 public Connection(Socket socket)
6 {
7 _connection = socket;
8 }
9
10 public void WaitForSendData()
11 {
12 while (true)
13 {
14 byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
15 string data = "";
16
17 //等待接收消息
18 int bytesRec = this._connection.Receive(bytes);
19
20 if (bytesRec == 0)
21 {
22 ReceiveText("客户端[" + _connection.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "]连接关闭...");
23 break;
24 }
25
26 data += Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytesRec);
27 ReceiveText("收到消息：" + data);
28
29 string sendStr = "服务端已经收到信息！";
30 byte[] bs = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sendStr);
31 _connection.Send(bs, bs.Length, 0);
32 }
33 }
34
35 public delegate void ReceiveTextHandler(string text);
36 public event ReceiveTextHandler ReceiveTextEvent;
37 private void ReceiveText(string text)
38 {
39 if (ReceiveTextEvent != null)
40 {
41 ReceiveTextEvent(text);
42 }
43 }
44 }
Connection
2、SocketListener：启动服务端Socket监听
1 public class SocketListener
2 {
3 public Hashtable Connection = new Hashtable();
4
5 public void StartListen()
6 {
7 try
8 {
9 //端口号、IP地址
10 int port = 2000;
11 string host = "127.0.0.1";
12 IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);
13 IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);
14
15 //创建一个Socket类
16 Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
17 s.Bind(ipe);//绑定2000端口
18 s.Listen(0);//开始监听
19
20 ReceiveText("启动Socket监听...");
21
22 while (true)
23 {
24 Socket connectionSocket = s.Accept();//为新建连接创建新的Socket
25
26 ReceiveText("客户端[" + connectionSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "]连接已建立...");
27
28 Connection gpsCn = new Connection(connectionSocket);
29 gpsCn.ReceiveTextEvent += new Connection.ReceiveTextHandler(ReceiveText);
30
31 Connection.Add(connectionSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), gpsCn);
32
33 //在新线程中启动新的socket连接，每个socket等待，并保持连接
34 Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(gpsCn.WaitForSendData));
35 thread.Name = connectionSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
36 thread.Start();
37 }
38 }
39 catch (ArgumentNullException ex1)
40 {
41 ReceiveText("ArgumentNullException:" + ex1);
42 }
43 catch (SocketException ex2)
44 {
45 ReceiveText("SocketException:" + ex2);
46 }
47 }
48
49 public delegate void ReceiveTextHandler(string text);
50 public event ReceiveTextHandler ReceiveTextEvent;
51 private void ReceiveText(string text)
52 {
53 if (ReceiveTextEvent != null)
54 {
55 ReceiveTextEvent(text);
56 }
57 }
58 }
启动服务端Socket监听
3、服务端主程序
1 /// <summary>
2 /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
3 /// </summary>
4 public partial class MainWindow : Window
5 {
6 SocketListener listener;
7 public MainWindow()
8 {
9 InitializeComponent();
10
11 InitServer();
12 }
13
14 private void InitServer()
15 {
16 System.Timers.Timer t = new System.Timers.Timer(2000);
17 //实例化Timer类，设置间隔时间为5000毫秒；
18 t.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(CheckListen);
19 //到达时间的时候执行事件；
20 t.AutoReset = true;
21 t.Start();
22 }
23
24 private void CheckListen(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
25 {
26 if (listener != null && listener.Connection != null)
27 {
28 //label2.Content = listener.Connection.Count.ToString();
29 ShowText("连接数：" + listener.Connection.Count.ToString());
30 }
31 }
32
33 private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
34 {
35 Thread th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SocketListen));
36 th.Start();
37 }
38
39 private void SocketListen()
40 {
41 listener = new SocketListener();
42 listener.ReceiveTextEvent += new SocketListener.ReceiveTextHandler(ShowText);
43 listener.StartListen();
44 }
45
46 public delegate void ShowTextHandler(string text);
47 ShowTextHandler setText;
48
49 private void ShowText(string text)
50 {
51 if (System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread != txtSocketInfo.Dispatcher.Thread)
52 {
53 if (setText == null)
54 {
55 setText = new ShowTextHandler(ShowText);
56 }
57 txtSocketInfo.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(setText, DispatcherPriority.Normal, new string[] { text });
58 }
59 else
60 {
61 txtSocketInfo.AppendText(text + "\n");
62 }
63 }
64
65 private void button2_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
66 {
67 ClientWindow client = new ClientWindow();
68 client.Show();
69 }
70 }
服务端主程序
4、客户端：建立连接，发送消息
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
public partial class ClientWindow : Window
{
Socket c;
public ClientWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
InitClient();
}
private void InitClient()
{
int port = 2000;
string host = "127.0.0.1";
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);
IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);//把ip和端口转化为IPEndPoint实例
c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//创建一个Socket
ShowText("连接到Socket服务端...");
c.Connect(ipe);//连接到服务器
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
ShowText("发送消息到服务端...");
string sendStr = textBox2.Text;
byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendStr);
c.Send(bs, bs.Length, 0);
string recvStr = "";
byte[] recvBytes = new byte[1024];
int bytes;
bytes = c.Receive(recvBytes, recvBytes.Length, 0);//从服务器端接受返回信息
recvStr += Encoding.UTF8.GetString(recvBytes, 0, bytes);
ShowText("服务器返回信息：" + recvStr);
}
catch (ArgumentNullException ex1)
{
Console.WriteLine("ArgumentNullException:{0}", ex1);
}
catch (SocketException ex2)
{
Console.WriteLine("SocketException:{0}", ex2);
}
}
private void ShowText(string text)
{
txtSockInfo.AppendText(text + "\n");
}
}
建立连接，发送消息
这是一个WPF的程序，WPF对多线程访问控件和WinForm的处理方式不太一样。
转自波斯马，原文地址《C#通信之Socket通信的简单例子》
时间： 2024-07-30 09:54:47