以下所有理解纯属个人理解，如若有误欢迎指出，不胜感激……o(∩_∩)o
两台服务器配置MYSQL主从复制实现数据高可用，这时读与写操作都有由master服务器来完成的，而从服务器只是复制了mster服务器的数据，这时可以利用一台服务器配置Amoeba实现mysql读写分离， master负责写，slave负责读取，当然 也可以有多个salve…… 从而减轻master服务器的压力，实现负载分摊；
拓扑图：
Mysql主从复制原理：
两台mysql服务器一个作为master一个为slave；master上开启二进制日志，将自己所有使数据库发生改变的操作语句记录到而二进制日志中，slave端会开启一个IO线程向master请求masert二进制日志中的事件，master通过binlogdump线程将二进制日志事件发送给slave，slave将接收到的二进制日志时间保存在中继日志（relaylog）中，然后使用sql 线程之行中继日志；从而保证数据与master相同；
aomeba原理：
aomeba是使用java开发的，所以要首先配置jdk；mysql端配置主从复制，master上的数据复制到slave上，slave主要负责读；aomeba作为一个sql路由调度器，client发来的sql如果是write则分发到write dbserver上，如果是read ，则分发到read dbserver；
ip分配：
amoeba：192.168.1.49
master：192.168.1.39
slave：192.168.1.40
client：192.168.1.51
一：配置mysql主从复制
1.1：在主上创建测试数据库
1.2：在主上创建复制用户
1.3：配置主my.cnf
1.4：配置从my.cnf
1.5：锁表拷贝主服务器数据到从服务器
1.6：配置从mysql，开启复制
1.7：测试主从复制
二：配置Amoeba
2.1：在master、slave上创建用于amoeba连接数据库的用户
2.2：配置jdk
2.3：配置amoeba
2.4：启动amoeba
三：测试读写分离
1.1：在主上创建测试数据库
mysql> CREATE DATABASE `zrer90` CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1.2：在主上创建复制用户
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘slave‘@‘192.168.1.40‘ IDENTIFIED by ‘zrer90‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges; #刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
1.3：配置主my.cnf
server-id = 1
log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log #二进制日志存放的位置，注意：mysql用户应对这个目录有写入权限;
expire_logs_days = 10 #二进制日志存放多少天之后删除;
max_binlog_size = 100M #二进制日志达到多大之后进行切割，生成新的日志；
重启mysql……
Mysql下查看master status:
mysql> show master status ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 443 | zrer90 | mysql,test |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.4：配置从my.cnf
server-id = 2 #从服务器要与主服务器不同
#不需要开启binarylog
master-host = 192.168.1.39 #主服务器ip
master-user = slave #用于同步复制的用户名(master上创建)
master-password = zrer90 #密码
replicate-do-db=zrer90 # 同步的数据库的名称
replicate-ignore-db=mysql # 不复制mysql库
master-connect-retry=60 # 断点重新连接时间，60s
1.5：锁表拷贝主服务器数据到从服务器
Master mysql> flush tables with read lock ; #锁表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -B -u root -p zrer90 > zrer90_db.sql #备份zrer90数据库
Enter password:
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# scp zrer90_db.sql [email protected]:/root/ #将导出的sql文件上传到从服务器
[email protected]‘s password:
Master mysql> show master status ; #记住binlog文件名与Position
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 106 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Master mysql> unlock tables ; #解锁
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#到从服务导入数据
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p <zrer90_db.sql
Slave mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
| zrer90 |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.6：配置从mysql，开启复制
Slave mysql> change master to master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000002‘, master_log_pos=106;
Slave mysql> slave start ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Slave mysql> show slave status \G #查看slave状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.39
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: zrer90
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_Space: 407
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.7：测试主从复制
在主zrer90 库中创建一张表table1，并录入数据；
Master mysql> use zrer90;
Database changed
Master mysql> CREATE TABLE `table1` (`id` tinyint NOT NULL ,`name` varchar(255) NULL ,PRIMARY KEY (`id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Master mysql> INSERT INTO `table1` (`id`, `name`) VALUES (‘1‘, ‘zhangsan‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
查看从库，数据已同步：
Slave mysql> use zrer90;
Database changed
Slave mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_zrer90 |
+------------------+
| table1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Slave > select * from table1;
+----+----------+
| id | name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
+----+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看主master logs已更新位置；
Master mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 389 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#也可以使用mysqlbinlog 命令去查看主上面的binlog和从上的relaylog进行对比；
配置Amoeba服务器
2.1：在master、slave上创建用于amoeba连接数据库的用户
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘amoeba_connect‘@‘192.168.1.49‘ identified by ‘zrer90‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2.2：配置jdk
[[email protected] tmp]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u5-linux-x64.gz
[[email protected] tmp]# mv jdk1.8.0_05/ /usr/local/jdk/
[[email protected] tmp]# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba
export PATH=$AMOEBA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
[[email protected] tmp]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] tmp]# java -version #测试java配置显示正常则成功
java version "1.8.0_05"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_05-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.5-b02, mixed mode)
2.3：配置amoeba
[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
[[email protected] tmp]# tar -zxvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml
调整dbServer.xml部分参数：
#默认连接到的库
<property name="schema">zrer90</property>
#amoeba连接数据库的帐号及密码
<property name="user">amoeba_connect</property>
<property name="password">zrer90</property>
#配置两个db服务器，分别是masert和slave
<dbServer name="master" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.39</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="slave" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.40</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
#配置dbserver组：ReadPool，指定组成员为slave
<dbServer name="ReadPool" virtual="true">
<poolConfig
class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
# loadbalance：负载方式1：轮询2：加权重3：HA
<property name="loadbalance">1</property>
#组成员为slave
<property name="poolNames">slave</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml
调整amoeba.xml部分参数：
#amoeba监听端口3306，客户端请求时使用
<property name="port">3306</property>
<property name="authenticator">
<beanclass="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">
#指定客户端连接amoeba的账户与密码
<property name="user">amoeba</property>
<property name="password">zrer90</property>
<property name="filter">
#指定默认池
<property name="defaultPool">master</property>
#指定写dbserver
<property name="writePool">master</property>
#指定读dbserver
<property name="readPool">ReadPool</property>
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba
调整DEFAULT_OPTS变量参数：第58行
DEFAULT_OPTS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m -Xss128k"
更改后：
DEFAULT_OPTS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx256m –Xss256k"
2.4：启动amoeba
[[email protected] amoeba]# amoeba start & #不想看提示信息的话将上&>/dev/null
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -anpt |grep java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:21740 :::* LISTEN 2476/java
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2476/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.1.49:57069 ::ffff:192.168.1.39:3306 ESTABLISHED 2476/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.1.49:37374 ::ffff:192.168.1.40:3306 ESTABLISHED 2476/java
本地监听3306端口接受客户端请求，amoeba服务器本地与master192.168.1.39:3306，slave192.168.1.40:3306建立连接；
停止amoeba：
[[email protected] amoeba]# amoeba stop
Amoeba实现Mysql读写分离部署文档