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Linux学习从入门到打死也不放弃，完全笔记整理（持续更新，求收藏，求点赞~~~~）
http://blog.51cto.com/13683480/2095439
1，编写脚本/root/bin/createuser.sh，实现如下功能：使用一个用户名做为参数，如果指定参数的用户存在，就显示其存在，否则添加之；显示添加的用户的id号等信息
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo no argument
exit 1
elif id "$1" &> /dev/null ;then
echo usre "$1" is already exisit
exit 2
elif useradd "$1" &> /dev/null ;then
echo "$!"abc | passwd --stdin "$1" &> /dev/null
ID=$(id -u "$1")
HD=$(getent passwd|grep "$1" |cut -d: -f6)
echo -e "user ${1} is add.\nUID:${ID}\nPASSWORD:${1}abc\nHOMEDIR:${HD}"
exit 0
else
echo user name is illegal
exit 3
fi
执行结果：
2、编写脚本/root/bin/yesorno.sh，提示用户输入yes或no,并判断用户输入的是yes还是no,或是其它信息
read -t 10 -p "please input you answer. yes or no? : " ANS if [ -z "$ANS" ]; then echo "I can't here anything" exit 1 fi case $ANS in [yY]|[yY][eE][Ss]) echo your answer is yes exit 0 ;; [nN]|[nN][oO]) echo your answer is no exit 0 ;; *) echo "I don't understand you" exit 1 esac
执行结果：
3、 编写脚本/root/bin/filetype.sh,判断用户输入文件路径，显示其文件类型（普通，目录，链接，其它文件类型）
if [ -z "$1" ]; then echo there must be a filename argument exit 1 elif [ ! -e "$1" ]; then echo no such file exit 1 elif [ -d "$1" ]; then echo directory file exit 0 elif [ -L "$1" ]; then echo link file exit 0 elif [ -f "$1" ]; then echo normal file exit 0 else echo other file exit 0 fi
执行结果：
4、编写脚本/root/bin/checkint.sh,判断用户输入的参数是否为正整数
[ -z "$1" ] && echo no argument && exit 1 if [[ "$1" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] ; then echo int number case $1 in *1|*3|*5|*7|*9) echo and its an Odd number exit 0 ;; *2|*4|*6|*8|*0) echo and its an Even number exit 0 ;; *) echo unkown error exit 1 ;; esac else echo not int number exit 1 fi
额外增加了判断奇数还是偶数的功能，不过不能判断负数
执行结果：
5、用for循环，编写一个脚本统计一下 /dev/下每种文件类型的文件分别有多少个，将结果打印出来。
declare -i cf=0
declare -i bf=0
declare -i df=0
declare -i lf=0
declare -i sf=0
declare -i pf=0
declare -i ff=0
declare -i of=0
[ -d "$1" ] || { echo putin a dir be argument;exit 1; }
for i in $1/* ;do
#for j in $(ls $1);do
#declare i=/dev/$j
if [ -c "$i" ];then
#echo $i is en character file
let cf++
elif [ -b "$i" ];then
#echo $i is a block file
let bf++
elif [ -d "$i" ];then
#echo $i is a directory file
let df++
elif [ -L "$i" ];then
#echo $i is a link file
let lf++
elif [ -s "$i" ];then
#echo $i is a socket file
let sf++
elif [ -p "$i" ];then
#echo $i is a piping file
let pf++
elif [ -f "$i" ];then
#echo $i is a numal file
let ff++
else
#echo $i is other file
let of++
fi
done
let total=cf+bf+df+lf+sf+pf+ff+of
echo -e "tomal file number:\t $total "
echo -e "character file number:\t $cf "
echo -e "block file number:\t $bf "
echo -e "dir file number:\t $df "
echo -e "link file number:\t $lf "
echo -e "socket file number:\t $sf"
echo -e "piping file number:\t $pf"
echo -e "nomal file number:\t $ff"
echo -e "other file number:\t $of"
支持参数传递要查询的目录，不指定/var
执行结果：
6、添加10个用户user1-user10，密码为8位随机字符
for i in user{1..10};do
if id $i &>/dev/null;then
echo $i is exist
else
useradd $i &>/dev/null
pass=$(openssl rand -base64 20|tr -dc [[:alpha:]]|cut -c1-8)
echo $pass |passwd --stdin "$i" &>/dev/null
echo user $i is add,password is: $pass
fi
done
执行结果：
附带删除脚本：
for i in user{1..10};do
userdel -r $i &>/dev/null
echo user $i is del
done
执行结果：
7、/etc/rc.d/rc3.d目录下分别有多个以K开头和以S开头的文件；分别读取每个文件， 以K开头的输出为文件加stop，以S开头的输出为文件名加start，如K34filename stop S66filename start
for i in `ls /etc/rc.d/rc3.d`;do if [[ "$i" =~ ^K.* ]];then echo -e "$i \t\tstop" elif [[ "$i" =~ ^S.* ]]; then echo -e "$i \t\tstart" else echo -d "$i \t\tother" fi done
执行结果，centos6上效果明显一点，太晚了不想再开机了。。
8、编写脚本，提示输入正整数n的值，计算1+2+…+n的总和
[[ "$1" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || { echo no number; exit 1; }
bite=$(echo $1 |grep -o [0-9]|wc -l)
if [ $bite -gt 6 ];then
echo too big number
exit 1
fi
declare -i sum=0
for i in $(seq 1 $1);do
let sum=sum+i
done
echo sum=$sum
unset sum
执行结果：
9、计算100以内所有能被3整除的整数之和
declare -i sum=0 declare -i i=1 while [ "$i" -le 100 ];do let sum+=i let i+=2 done echo sum=$sum
执行结果：
10、编写脚本，提示请输入网络地址，如192.168.0.0，判断输入的网段中主机在线状态、
while true; do
read -t 60 -p "input the network number: " netnum
if [[ $netnum =~ ^(([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}0$ ]];then
break
else
echo wrong network number
fi
done
last=$(echo $netnum|cut -d'.' -f3)
declare -i up=0
declare -i down=0
if [ $last != 0 ];then
net=$(echo $netnum|cut -d'.' -f1-3)
for i in {1..255};do
j=${net}.$i
{ if ping -c1 -w1 $j &>/dev/null;then
echo host $j is up
let up++
else
#echo host $j is down
let down++
fi; } &
done
wait
#echo
#echo -e "uphost number is:\t $up"
#echo -e "downhost number is:\t $down"
else
second=$(echo $netnum |cut -d'.' -f2)
if [ $second = 0 ];then
echo I cant do this. Its a too much big network
exit 2
else
net=$(echo $netnum |cut -d'.' -f1-2)
for i in `seq 0 255`;do
j=${net}.$i
for k in `seq 0 255`;do
{ h=${j}.$k
if ping -c1 -w1 $h &>/dev/null;then
echo host $h is up
let up++
else
#echo host $h is dowm
let down++
fi; } &
done
wait
done
#echo
#echo -e "uphost number is:\t $up"
#echo -e "downhost number is:\t $down"
fi
fi
使用了并行执行，增加了测试效率，但是无法统计total，如需要统计totol 或者顺序显示，去掉并行执行，开启计数即可
执行结果：
11、打印九九乘法表
for i in {1..9};do
for j in `seq $i`;do
let h=j*i
echo -e "${j}x${i}=${h}\t\c"
done
echo
done
执行结果：使用while或者until循环都可以，就不单独演示了
12、在/testdir目录下创建10个html文件,文件名格式为数字N（从1到10）加随机8个字母，如：1AbCdeFgH.html
for i in {1..10};do
kk=$(openssl rand -base64 20|tr -dc [[:alpha:]]|cut -c1-8)
touch /data/testdir/"$i""$kk".html
done
执行结果：
13、打印等腰三角形
while true;do read -t 30 -p "input the base length 2-50: " high if [[ "$high" =~ ^[1-9]?[0-9]$ ]] && [ "$high" -ge 2 -a "$high" -lt 51 ];then break else echo wrong number fi done declare color for i in `seq $high`;do let space=high-i let prin=2*i-1 for j in `seq $space`;do echo -e " \c" done for k in `seq $prin`;do echo -e "\033[1;$[$RANDOM%7+31]m*\c" done for l in `seq $space`;do echo -e " \c" done echo done
执行结果：增加了颜色显示
14、编写脚本，利用变量RANDOM生成10个随机数字，输出这个10数字，并显示其中的最大值和最小值
while true;do read -t 30 -p "input the base length 2-50: " high if [[ "$high" =~ ^[1-9]?[0-9]$ ]] && [ "$high" -ge 2 -a "$high" -lt 51 ];then break else echo wrong number fi done declare color for i in `seq $high`;do let space=high-i let prin=2*i-1 for j in `seq $space`;do echo -e " \c" done for k in `seq $prin`;do echo -e "\033[1;$[$RANDOM%7+31]m*\c" done for l in `seq $space`;do echo -e " \c" done echo done
执行结果：
也可以基于数组实现：
declare -i max
declare -i min
for ((i=0;i<=9;i++));do
num[$i]=$RANDOM
if [ $i = 0 ];then
let max=${num[$i]}
let min=${num[$i]}
else
if [ ${num[$i]} -gt $max ];then
let max=${num[$i]}
elif [ ${num[$i]} -lt $min ];then
let min=${num[$i]}
fi
fi
done
echo ${num[@]}
echo the max number is: $max
echo the min number is: $min
执行结果：
15、编写脚本，实现打印国际象棋棋盘
### level=1
i=1
while [ $i -le 4 ];do
j=1;k=1
while [ $j -le 4 ];do
echo -e "\033[49m \033[0m\033[47m \033[0m\c"
let j++
done
echo
while [ $k -le 4 ];do
echo -e "\033[47m \033[0m\033[49m \033[0m\c"
let k++
done
echo
let i++
done
###
echo
echo this is level 1
echo
echo
#### level=2
#
declare -i s
while true;do
read -p "choose the level 1-9: " s
if [[ "$s" =~ ^[1-9]$ ]] &>/dev/null ;then
break
else
echo wrong number
fi
done
PS3="choose the first color(1-8): "
select manu in red green yellow blue voilet light-blue white black;do
case $manu in
red)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
green)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
yellow)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
blue)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
voilet)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
light-blue)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
white)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
black)
echo you have choose the $manu be the first color
break
;;
*)
echo i cant hera you
esac
done
first=$REPLY
PS3="choose the second color(1-8): "
select manu in red green yellow blue voilet light-blue white black;do
case $manu in
red)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
green)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
yellow)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
blue)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
voilet)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
light-blue)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
white)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
black)
echo you have choose the $manu be the second color
break
;;
*)
echo i cant hera you
esac
done
second=$REPLY
let color1=40+first
let color2=40+second
#### while code
i=1
while [ $i -le 4 ];do
j=1;while [ $j -le $s ];do
k=1;while [ $k -le 4 ];do
m=1;n=1
while [ $m -le $s ];do
echo -e "\033[${color1}m \033[0m\c"
let m++
done
while [ $n -le $s ];do
echo -e "\033[${color2}m \033[0m\c"
let n++
done
let k++
done
echo
let j++
done
j=1;while [ $j -le $s ];do
k=1;while [ $k -le 4 ];do
m=1;n=1
while [ $m -le $s ];do
echo -e "\033[${color2}m \033[0m\c"
let m++
done
while [ $n -le $s ];do
echo -e "\033[${color1}m \033[0m\c"
let n++
done
let k++
done
echo
let j++
done
let i++
done
##ending
生成了2次菜单，可以考虑函数复用
执行结果：
16、后续六个字符串：efbaf275cd、4be9c40b8b、44b2395c46、f8c8873ce0、b902c16c8b、ad865d2f63是通过对随机数变量RANDOM随机
执行命令： echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut –c1-10 后的结果，请破解字符串对应的RANDOM值
i=1;while [ $# != 0 ];do j=1;while true ;do num=$(echo $j |md5sum |cut -c1-10) if [ $num = $1 ];then break else let j++ fi done echo $1:$j shift done
执行结果：参数还是需要手工输入，如过多，可以考虑写入文件之后使用while循环读取
17、每隔3秒钟到系统上获取已经登录的用户的信息；如果发现用户hacker登录，则将登录时间和主机记录于日志/var/log/login.log中,并退出脚本
if [ -z $1 ];then echo no argument exit 1 else if id $1 &> /dev/null ;then if who |grep $1 &>/dev/null;then echo user $1 is already running exit 3 fi else echo no such user exit 2 fi fi while true;do sleep 3 if who |grep $1 &>/dev/null;then echo "`date +%F-%T`: user $1 is login ">> /var/log/login.log exit fi done
执行结果：
执行命令
登录hello账号：
发现命令已终止，查看日志已记录登录
18、随机生成10以内的数字，实现猜字游戏，提示比较大或小，相等则退出
declare num=$[$RANDOM%191+9] declare -i time=0 while true ;do read -p "input a number 9-199: " ans let time+=1 if [[ ! $ans =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then continue elif [ $ans -gt $num ];then echo too big elif [ $ans -lt $num ];then echo too small else break fi if [ $time -ge 10 ];then echo times out,the right number is $num exit 1 fi done echo binngo,the right number is $num
执行结果：
执行结果2
19、用文件名做为参数，统计所有参数文件的总行数
declare -i sum=0 until [ $# = 0 ];do if [ -f $1 ];then let sum+=$(cat $1|wc -l) else echo $1 is not found or wrong type file fi shift done echo echo the totalline is : $sum
执行结果
20、用二个以上的数字为参数，显示其中的最大值和最小值
if [ $# -lt 2 ];then echo at least 2 argument exit 1 fi declare -i big declare -i small declare -i fir=$# until [ $# = 0 ];do if [[ ! "$1" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then echo wrong number $1 exit fi if [ $fir = $# ];then let big=$1 let small=$1 else if [ $1 -gt $big ];then let big=$1 elif [ $1 -lt $small ];then let small=$1 fi fi shift done echo the biggest number is : $big echo the smallest unmber is: $small
执行结果：
21、编写脚本，实现2进制数与10进制数的转换
if [ "$1" = 2 -o "$1" = 10 ] && [[ "$2" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then : else echo wrong argument exit 1 fi if [ "$1" = 10 ]; then ##check the $2 is or not too big bite=$(echo "$2"|grep -o '[0-9]'|wc -l) if [ "$bite" -gt 19 ];then echo too big number "$2" exit 2 fi ##Computing unit code declare -i x="$2" declare y while [ "$x" -gt 1 ];do gem=$[$x%2] x=$[x/2] y=$gem$y done y=$x$y echo $y fi ##ending 1 if [ "$1" = 2 ];then ##check the $2 is or not too big bite=$(echo "$2"|grep -o '[0-9]'|wc -l) if [ "$bite" -gt 63 ];then echo too big number "$2" exit 2 fi ##Computing unit code ##include judge the $2 is or not a Binary number y=0 let x=$bite-1 b=$x for i in $(seq "$b") ;do j=$(echo "$2"|cut -c $i) if [ $j -gt 1 ];then echo "$2" is not a Binary number. exit 3 else y=$[j*2**x+y] let x-- fi done last=$(echo "$2"|cut -c "$bite") if [ "$last" -gt 1 ];then echo "$2" is not a Binary number. exit 3 else let y=y+last echo $y fi fi ##ending 2
补充说明：给定2个参数，参数1为“2”则表示参数2需要为2进制数，需要转换成10进制
如果参数1 为“10”则表示参数2为10进制数，需要转化成2进制
实际测试，发现shell最大支持计算值为2^64次方，所以二级数超过64位以上提示报错
执行结果1
执行结果2
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13683480/2120937
时间： 2024-11-06 03:53:33