一、基础操作
postgresql备份：pg_dump -U postgres -d gisportal -F c -f i:\db2.dump
postgresql还原：pg_restore -U postgres -d gisportal i:\db2.dump
pg_restore -U postgres -d gisportal e:\postgres-20150420.backup
备份单张表：pg_dump -U postgres -F c -b -v -f i:\test.bak -t sqs.test gisportal
备份整个数据库（非模式）：pg_dump -U postgres -F c -b -v -f i:\test.bak -t sqs.test gisportal
备份数据库下的模式： pg_dump -U postgres -F c -b -v -f i:\test.bak -n sqs gisportal
还原单张表：pg_restore -U postgres -W -d gisportal -v "d:\poi.bak"
要执行语句，先执行：cd postgresql安装目录bin中
pg_dump -U postgres -F c -f i:\gisportal.dump gisportal（备份整个数据库，备份单个模式表为另一种写法）
pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres(用户名) 数据库名(缺省时同用户名) -t table(表名) >/data/dum.sql
pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres gisportal -t 省界_region >i:\pros.sql
插入另一张表的整列：insert into sqs.sqs_role(username) select username from sqs.sqs_user
插入当天日期date：update sqs.sqs_shopmall set version=current_date;
截取字符：update sqs.sqs_poi2 set prcode=substring(prcode,1,2) (index从1开始，1保留)
空字符串处理：
update property set memorial_no = btrim(memorial_no, ‘ ‘) where memorial_no like ‘ %‘
update property set memorial_no = 2 where memorial_no= btrim(memorial_no, ‘ ‘)
多条件模糊查询：
SELECT * FROM table WHERE column LIKE ‘Text%‘ OR column LIKE ‘Link%‘ OR column LIKE ‘Hello%‘ OR column LIKE ‘%World%‘
二、空间操作
计算面积（根据geometry计算面积） update sqs.sqs_town set totarea=st_area(geography(geom))/1000000
计算距离：
select name,st_astext(geom) as geomtext, st_distance(Geography(ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(121.43543 31.2399)‘,4326)),Geography(geom)) as distance from cz_basedata_other_l where ST_Intersects(st_buffer(geography(ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(121.43543 31.2399)‘,4326)),3000),geom) and dlvydate> date ‘2010-01-01‘
交叉计算：
select st_astext(geom) as GeomText ,"County" ,jdlon as Centerx , jdlat as Centery ,( people::DECIMAL/area::DECIMAL*1000000.0 )::INT as Density from vtown
where ST_Intersects(st_buffer( geography( ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(121.492498 31.229649)‘,4326)),4000),geom)
数组转换为geometry(对百度数组也适用)：
select name from sqs.sqs_pipeline where ST_Intersects(ST_GeomFromText(‘POLYGON((121.550391 31.048365,121.845897 31.063214,121.734364 30.859081,121.580286 30.940391,121.550391 31.048365))‘,4326),geom)
select name from sqs.sqs_pipeline where ST_Within(geom,ST_PolygonFromText(‘POLYGON((121.550391 31.048365,121.845897 31.063214,121.734364 30.859081,121.580286 30.940391,121.550391 31.048365))‘,4326)) and status=1
根据geom计算x、y：update sqs.sqs_poi set lng=st_x(geom),lat=st_y(geom)
获取点geometry的点x、y坐标：
select *, st_x(geom), st_y(geom) from sqs.sqs_store where status=1 and username=‘admin‘ and ST_Within(geom,ST_GeomFromText(‘POLYGON((121.289092 31.38394,121.333648 31.275857,121.462429 31.333862,121.459267 31.38172,121.379928 31.405393,121.289092 31.38394))‘,4326))
点转换为geometry：
update sqs.sqs_pipeline set pipelineid=‘pp00000008‘,name=‘admin‘, geom=ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(121.845897 31.063214 )‘,4326),status=1;
update sqs.yichang set geom=ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(‘||lng||‘ ‘||lat||‘)‘,4326);
update sqs.sqs_pipeline_wfztest set geomta500=ST_PolygonFromText(st_astext(st_buffer(geography(ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(‘||st_x(geom)||‘ ‘||st_y(geom)||‘)‘,4326)), 500 )) ,4326);
String sql = "select st_Area(Geography(st_intersection(a.geom,b.geom)))/st_Area(geography(a.geom)) as per100 "
+ "from sqs.sqs_city a, "+tablename +" b "
+ "where st_Intersects(a.geom,b.geom) and b."+id+"=‘"+ storeid+ "‘ and b.username=‘"+username +"‘ and b.status=1" ;
String sql = "select ceil(totarea) as totarea,st_asgeojson(b.geom) as geometry, ceil(st_distance(Geography(ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(" + x + " " + y +")‘,4326)),Geography(b.geom))) as distance from sqs.sqs_newhouse b "
+ "where ST_Intersects(ST_PolygonFromText(‘POLYGON(("+p+"))‘,4326), b.geom) and "
+"dlvydate > ‘2010-1-1‘ "
+ "order by tothh desc " + "limit 10";
建立一张新表并从另一张已存在的表复制表结构及数据：
create table town_20150525 as select * from vtown_20150526
添加字段（自增长序列）：
alter table cz_users add column gender character varying(50) unique
alter table cz_udatarange add column id serial
unique 唯一值 timestamp without time zone DEFAULT now(),时间 yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss
单独添加列 空间面：select addgeometrycolumn(‘sqs‘,‘sqs_province‘,‘geom‘,4326,‘MULTIPOLYGON‘,2,TRUE)
前几条数据：LIMIT num OFFSET startNum 可以实现指定条数开始取几条
替换replace：update cz_basedata_test2 set cnty=replace(cnty,city,‘‘)//不可为null，否则整列将会变为null
sqs.sqs_pineline 等表中的pipelineid、userid赋值方法：
update sqs.sqs_pipeline set userid=‘24c19d21-f519-4a49-869d-6455787537a3‘,status=1,pipelineid=‘pp‘||to_char(id, ‘FM00000000‘),name=‘pp‘||to_char(id, ‘FM00000000‘) where userid is null
update sqs.sqs_competitor set storeid=‘cc‘||to_char(id,‘FM00000000‘),userid=‘e27accfb-e5ff-409c-830f-4a67387237ff‘ where userid is null
update sqs.sqs_store set userid=‘55bf68a3-adf2-49d6-89f8-aa05f59cbe01‘,username=‘xxx‘,status=1,storeid=to_char(id, ‘FM00000000‘) where userid is null
sql语句中+号:update sqs.sqs_streets set geom=ST_PointFromText(‘POINT(‘||lng||‘ ‘||lat||‘)‘,4326)
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/geo-will/p/9535421.html