读取或生成EXCEL数据的方法有很多，一般常见的有：
1.通过OFFICE EXCEL组件，优点：读取与生成EXCEL文件方便，缺点：服务器上必须安装OFFICE软件，且进程无法及时释放
2.通过第三方组件（比如：NPOI），优点：无需安装OFFICE软件，缺点：需要引入第三方组件，当然这个还是比较强的
3.通过把EXCEL当成数据库，连接后运用SQL语句读取，写入的话就自行拼接成HTML表格，优点：无需另外的组件，缺点：需要会SQL及拼接HTML表格较麻烦；
三种方法我都有用过，若开发BS网站程序，建议采用第二种、第三种方法，若开发CS结构，建议采用第一种或第二种；
以下是我针对BS端写的一个ExcelHelper通用类，可用于读取或生成数据，比较方便，技术原理是上述的第三种方法，代码如下，可能存在缺陷，高手见谅：
namespace ASOTS.Models
{
public abstract class ExcelHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取EXCEL中指定sheet内容
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataTable GetTableFromExcel(string filePath, string fileExt, string tableName, int colsCount)
{
string connstr = null;
if (fileExt == ".xls")
{
connstr = "Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source =" + filePath + ";Extended Properties=‘Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1‘";
}
else
{
connstr = "Provider = Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0 ; Data Source =" + filePath + ";Extended Properties=‘Excel 12.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1‘";
}
using (OleDbConnection excelConn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
{
excelConn.Open();
//获取EXCEL架构信息
DataTable schemaTable = excelConn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new Object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" });
//判断指定sheet名是否存在
DataView schemaView = new DataView(schemaTable);
schemaView.RowFilter = "TABLE_NAME=‘" + tableName + "$‘";
schemaTable = schemaView.ToTable();
if (schemaTable != null && schemaTable.Rows.Count > 0)
{
DataTable schemaTable_Cols = excelConn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns, new object[] { null, null, tableName + "$", null });
schemaView = new DataView(schemaTable_Cols);
schemaView.RowFilter = "ORDINAL_POSITION<=" + colsCount.ToString();
schemaView.Sort = "ORDINAL_POSITION asc";
schemaTable_Cols = schemaView.ToTable();
string selectCols = "";
for (int i = 0; i < schemaTable_Cols.Rows.Count; i++)
{
selectCols += "," + schemaTable_Cols.Rows[i]["COLUMN_NAME"].ToString();
}
selectCols = selectCols.Substring(1);
//查询sheet中的数据
string strSql = "select " + selectCols + " from [" + tableName + "$]";
OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(strSql, excelConn);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds, tableName);
excelConn.Close();
return ds.Tables[tableName];
}
else
{
excelConn.Close();
return null;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 将数据模型集合对象生成HTML表格字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="tableAttributes"></param>
/// <param name="headers"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string SetDataToHtmlTable(IEnumerable data, string tableAttributes, params KeyValuePair<string, string>[] headers)
{
StringBuilder htmlTableBuilder = new StringBuilder();
htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<table {0}>", tableAttributes);
if (data.GetEnumerator().Current == null)
{
throw new Exception("没有获取到任何数据！");
}
Type t = data.GetEnumerator().Current.GetType();
string[] cellIndexs = new string[headers.Count()];
htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>");
for (int i = 0; i < headers.Count(); i++)
{
cellIndexs[i] = headers[i].Key;
htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<th>{0}</th>", headers[i].Value);
}
htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>");
foreach (var item in data)
{
htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>");
for (int i = 0; i < cellIndexs.Length; i++)
{
object pValue = t.GetProperty(cellIndexs[i]).GetValue(item, null);
htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<td>{0}</td>", pValue);
}
htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>");
}
htmlTableBuilder.Append("</table>");
return htmlTableBuilder.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 将DataTable对象生成HTML表格字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="tableAttributes"></param>
/// <param name="headers"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string SetDataToHtmlTable(DataTable dataTable, string tableAttributes, params KeyValuePair<string, string>[] headers)
{
StringBuilder htmlTableBuilder = new StringBuilder();
htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<table {0}>", tableAttributes);
htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>");
for (int i = 0; i < headers.Count(); i++)
{
htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<th>{0}</th>", headers[i].Value);
}
htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>");
foreach (DataRow row in dataTable.Rows)
{
htmlTableBuilder.Append("<tr>");
for (int i = 0; i < headers.Count(); i++)
{
htmlTableBuilder.AppendFormat("<td>{0}</td>", row[headers[i].Key]);
}
htmlTableBuilder.Append("</tr>");
}
htmlTableBuilder.Append("</table>");
return htmlTableBuilder.ToString();
}
}
public class KeyValueList<TKey, TValue> : List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>
{
public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
{
base.Add(new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value));
}
}
}
调用方法如下：
//读数据
DataTable resultTable = ExcelHelper.GetTableFromExcel(saveFilePath, fileExt, "data", 10);
//生成表格（以下是MVC调用，WEBFORM同理）
KeyValueList<string, string> headers = new KeyValueList<string, string>() {
{"year","年 份"},
{"month","月 份"},
{"stage1count","一 阶"},
{"stage2count","二 阶"},
{"stage3count","三 阶"},
{"stage4count","四 阶"},
{"yearincount","一年内进厂"},
{"stagetotalcount","基盘客户总数"},
{"stage1rate","一阶占比"},
{"stage2rate","二阶占比"},
{"stage3rate","三阶占比"},
{"stage4rate","四阶占比"}
};
string tableAttributes = "border=‘1‘ cellspacing=‘3‘ cellpadding=‘3‘";
string htmlTable=ExcelHelper.SetDataToHtmlTable(model, tableAttributes, headers.ToArray());
byte[] b = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(htmlTable);
return File(b, "application/vnd.ms-excel", string.Format("StageSummary_{0}_{1}_{2}.xls",orgcode,startym,endym));
其中：KeyValueList是我创建的一个集合类，主要用于生成表头，以及表头与数据列对应，之所以写成类，是因为若直接使用：List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>，则无法直接使用集合初始化器，就必需得一个一个的添加对象，有些繁琐，增加了ADD方法后，就可以直接用：new KeyValueList<string, string>() {{"",""},...}很方便，有人可能说为什么不用SortedDictionary等现有排序类，原因是SortedDictionary是基于Key排序，而此处是采用ADD的先后顺序来固定顺序的。
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时间： 2024-10-11 17:09:53