C++ 自己重写Vector

int main()
{
	Vector<int> vec;
	//添加元素
	vec.push_back(1);
	vec.push_back(2);
	vec.push_back(3);
	vec.push_back(3);
	vec.toString();

	//弹出最后一个元素
	vec.pop_back();
	vec.toString();

	//直接取某个元素
	const int a = vec[0];
	cout<<"vec[1]:"<<vec[1]<<endl;

	return 0;
}

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//template 关键字后接模板形参表,表明这里定义的Vector是一个类模板,而不是一个类,
//Vector<int>才是一个类.函数模板也是一样,它们都只是一个"公式".
template <typename Object>
class Vector
{
public:
	static const int SPARE_CAPACITY = 16;

	//将构造函数声明为explicit ,是为了抑制由构造函数定义的隐式转换
	/*
		构造函数的初始化列表.关于构造函数的初始化列表, 有两个要点.第一, 即使列表为空, 没有初始化式,
		构造函数也会先初始化每个成员再进入函数体, 这时初始化的规则与初始化变量相同,
		由此得知第二个要点:如果类的成员本身是一个没有默认构造函数的类类型, 或者成员是const、引用类型,
		这样的成员必须在构造函数初始化列表中进行初始化
	*/
	explicit Vector(int initSize = 0) :theSize(initSize), theCapacity(initSize + SPARE_CAPACITY)
	{
		//new返回一个指向Object类型数组的指针
		objects = new Object[theCapacity];
	}
	Vector(const Vector& rhs) :objects(NULL)
	{
		operator=(rhs);
	}
	~Vector()
	{
		delete[] objects;
	}

	const Vector& operator=(const Vector& rhs)
	{
		if (this != &rhs)
		{
			delete[] objects;
			theSize = rhs.theSize;
			theCapacity = rhs.theCapacity;

			objects = new Object[theCapacity];
			for (int k = 0; k < theSize; k++)
			{
				objects[k] = rhs.objects[k];
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}

	/*
		由于成员函数的定常性是(即函数名后是否有const关键字)是签名的一部分,
		因此我们可以使用访问函数的operator[]版本返回const引用,而修改函数版本返回一般引用
	*/
	Object& operator[](int index)
	{
		if (index < 0 || index >= theSize)
		{
			return objects[0];
		}
		cout << "--Object& operator[](int index)"<<endl;
		return objects[index];
	}
	const Object& operator[](int index)const
	{
		cout << "** const Object& operator[](int index)const" << endl;
		return objects[index];
	}

	//检测是否需要扩容
	void reserve()
	{
		reserve(theSize);
	}
	void reserve(int newSize)
	{
		if (theCapacity > newSize)
		{
			return;
		}
		int newCapacity = theCapacity * 2 + 1;
		Object* oldArr = objects;
		objects = new Object[newCapacity];
		for (int k = 0; k < theSize; k++)
		{
			objects[k] = oldArr[k];
		}
		theCapacity = newCapacity;
		delete[] oldArr;
	}

	int size()const
	{
		return theSize;
	}
	int capacity()const
	{
		return theCapacity;
	}
	bool empty()const
	{
		return theSize == 0;
	}
	void resize(int newSize)
	{
		reserve(newSize);
		theSize = newSize;
		theCapacity = newSize;
	}

	void push_back(const Object& obj)
	{
		reserve();		//检测容器大小
		objects[theSize++] = obj;
	}

	void pop_back()
	{
		theSize--;
	}
	const Object & back()const
	{
		return objects[theSize - 1];
	}

	Object* begin()
	{
		return &objects[0];
	}
	Object* end()
	{
		return &objects[theSize];
	}

	const Object* end()const
	{
		return&objects[theSize];
	}

	void toString()
	{
		cout << "Vecot长度:" << size() << ",容量：" << capacity() << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < theSize; i++)
		{
			cout << "objects[" << i << "]:" << objects[i] << endl;
		}
	}

	typedef Object* iterator;
	typedef const Object* const_iterator;
private:
	int theSize;
	int theCapacity;
	Object* objects;
};