memcached已经火了好多年了,现在网上关于memcached的资源相当多了,我就不浪费话语了。干脆写一个实战系列,坚持一切用实施说话。
环境介绍
Linux虚拟机
内核信息
[[email protected] ~]# uname -a
Linux hadoop1 2.6.32-358.el6.i686
内存:1G
安装过程
1.准备编译环境,安装必须的gcc,make工具,如果没有安装yum,最好安装下。网上有很多共享的yum源。
2.下载最新版本的libevent
# wget https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/download/release-2.0.22-stable/libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz
3.解压libevent对应压缩包
# tar zxvf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz
解压之后的文件路径:/u01/software/libevent-2.0.22-stable
3.编译libevent
# cd /u01/software/libevent-2.0.22-stable # ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/libevent # make # make install 确认安装结果 # ls -al /usr/local/lib |grep libevent
4.下载最新版本的memcached
# wget http://memcached.org/latest
5.解压memcached对应压缩包
tar zxvf memcached-1.4.29.tar.gz
解压之后的文件路径:/u01/software/memcached-1.4.29
6.编译memcached
# cd /u01/software/memcached-1.4.29 # [[email protected] memcached-1.4.29]# ./configure -help `configure‘ configures memcached 1.4.29 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... Configuration: -h, --help display this help and exit --help=short display options specific to this package --help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages -V, --version display version information and exit -q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...‘ messages --cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled] -C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache‘ -n, --no-create do not create output files --srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..‘] Installation directories: --prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX [/usr/local] ... Fine tuning of the installation directories: --bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin] --sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin] --libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec] --sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc] --sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com] --localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var] --libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib] --includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include] --oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include] --datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share] --datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR] --infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info] --localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale] --mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man] --docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/memcached] --htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR] --dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR] --pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR] --psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR] Optional Packages: --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes] --without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no) --with-libevent=PATH Specify path to libevent installation # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/lib/ # make # make install
这时候memcached安装成功了
启动memcached
#/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached 报错
error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.0.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决思路
##跟踪运行memcached所有加载库文件的路径
LD_DEBUG=libs LD_DEBUG=libs ./memcached -v 15862: find library=libevent-2.0.so.5 [0]; searching 15862: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache 15862: search path=/lib/tls/i686/sse2:/lib/tls/i686:/lib/tls/sse2:/lib/tls:/lib/i686/sse2:/lib/i686:/lib/sse2:/lib:/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2:/usr/lib/tls/i686:/usr/lib/tls/sse2:/usr/lib/tls:/usr/lib/i686/sse2:/usr/lib/i686:/usr/lib/sse2:/usr/lib (system search path) 15862: trying file=/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/tls/i686/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/tls/sse2/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/tls/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/i686/sse2/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/i686/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/sse2/libevent-2.0.so.5 15862: trying file=/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5
首先确认建立软连接
# ls /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 #ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib/i686/libevent-2.0.so.5
如果以root用户登陆,必须指定-u参数
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -u hadoop
确认memcached是否启动成功
# ps -ef |grep memcached hadoop 15891 4034 0 22:45 pts/4 00:00:00 /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -u hadoop root 15899 15561 0 22:45 pts/5 00:00:00 grep memcached # netstat -tlnp |grep memcached tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11211 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15891/memcached tcp 0 0 :::11211 :::* LISTEN 15891/memcached
最后telnet 确认下
# telnet 127.0.0.1 11211 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is ‘^]‘. stats STAT pid 15891 STAT uptime 86 STAT time 1470494793
OK。至此memcached1.4.9版本已经成功在机器上安装。个人感觉最麻烦的地方,就是处理libevent。
参考了很多资源,才把问题解决。
memcached设置自启动
为了方便,现将memcached执行变更下权限
- 最简单的启动方式
只需在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入一行
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 20 -p 11211 -u hadoop
注意
-d:设置为后台进程
-u:指向用户
-p:端口
-m:内存
- 推荐的方式
2.1.拷贝memcached源码包的memcached.sysv拷贝到/etc/init.d,做为memcached的启动脚本
# cp /u01/software/memcached-1.4.29/scripts/memcached.sysv /etc/init.d/memcached
[[email protected] bin]# vi /etc/init.d/memcached #! /bin/sh # # chkconfig: - 55 45 # description: The memcached daemon is a network memory cache service. # processname: memcached # config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions PORT=11211 USER=nobody MAXCONN=1024 CACHESIZE=64 OPTIONS="" if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/memcached ];then . /etc/sysconfig/memcached fi # Check that networking is up. if [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] then exit 0 fi RETVAL=0 prog="memcached" start () { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " # insure that /var/run/memcached has proper permissions chown $USER /var/run/memcached daemon memcached -d -p $PORT -u $USER -m $CACHESIZE -c $MAXCONN -P /var/run/memcached/memcached.pid $OPTIONS RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/memcached } stop () { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc memcached RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then rm -f /var/lock/subsys/memcached rm -f /var/run/memcached/memcached.pid fi } restart () { stop start } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status memcached ;; restart|reload) restart ;; condrestart) [ -f /var/lock/subsys/memcached ] && restart || : ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload|condrestart}" exit 1 esac exit $?
修改下面这一句(其实就将memcached 命令指向咱们的全路径)
daemon memcached -d -p $PORT -u $USER -m $CACHESIZE -c $MAXCONN -P /var/run/memcached/memcached.pid $OPTIONS
daemon /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -p $PORT -u $USER -m $CACHESIZE -c $MAXCONN -P /var/run/memcached/memcached.pid $OPTIONS
配置自启动
[[email protected] bin]# chkconfig memcached on [[email protected] bin]# chkconfig |grep memcached memcached 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
安装nc
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install nc
memcached 自带的stats命令,对搜索不太友好。为了很好的搜索,借助nc工具。
比如,想查找connection相关的参数
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# echo stats | nc 127.0.0.1 11211 |grep connection STAT curr_connections 10 STAT total_connections 13 STAT connection_structures 11
配合nc使用形式,个人参考网上资源,简单罗列下
watch "echo stats | nc 127.0.0.1 11211" printf "stats\r\n" | nc 127.0.0.1 11211 echo stats | nc 127.0.0.1 11211
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The End
接下来,演练的内容是通过telnet命令行和JAVA 客户端工具,访问memcachd.