面对对象之@classmethod、@staticmethod用法

@classmethod用法（修饰的函数，第一个参数cls默认是类名，调用方法：实例对象或类对象.方法）

class C_mthod(object):
    name = "f**k"
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
    @classmethod
    def t_mthod(cls):
        print("hello world",cls.name)

d = C_mthod("F**K")
C_mthod.t_mthod()

————————————————————
hello world f**k

@classmethod调用类静态方法，无法调用类继承方法

分享一个爬虫方法，仅供参考

  1 #!/usr/bin/env python
  2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3
  4 import random
  5
  6 import requests
  7 from lxml import etree
  8
  9
 10 class WanfangSpider(object):
 11     @classmethod
 12     def crawl_with_keyword(cls, keyword):
 13         url = ‘http://s.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper.aspx?q=‘ + keyword
 14         print url
 15         response = requests.get(url, cls.get_headers())
 16         if response.status_code == 200:
 17             return cls.get_info(response.text)
 18         else:
 19             return None
 20
 21     @classmethod
 22     def get_headers(cls):
 23         user_agent = [
 24             ‘Mozilla / 5.0(compatible;MSIE9.0;Windows NT 6.1;Trident / 5.0‘,
 25             ‘Mozilla / 4.0(compatible;MSIE6.0;Windows NT 5.1‘,
 26             ‘Mozilla / 5.0(compatible;MSIE7.0;Windows NT 5.1‘,
 27             ‘Mozilla / 5.0(compatible;MSIE8.0;Windows NT 6.0‘,
 28             ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 Safari/537.36‘
 29         ]
 30         headers = {
 31             ‘User-Agent‘: random.choice(user_agent)
 32         }
 33         return headers
 34
 35     @classmethod
 36     def get_info(cls, content):
 37         tree = etree.HTML(content)
 38         divs = tree.xpath(‘//*[@class="left-record"]‘)
 39         result = []
 40         for div in divs:
 41             a_dict = {}
 42             url = div.xpath(‘div/a[@class="title"]/@href‘)
 43             title = div.xpath(‘div/a[@class="title"]‘)[0].xpath(‘string(.)‘)
 44             subtitle = div.xpath(‘div[@class="record-subtitle"]‘)[0].xpath(‘string(.)‘)
 45             # print url, title, subtitle
 46             if not title:
 47                 title = None
 48
 49             if url:
 50                 url = url[0]
 51             else:
 52                 url = None
 53
 54             if subtitle:
 55                 subtitle = subtitle.strip()
 56             else:
 57                 subtitle = None
 58             a_dict[‘url‘] = url
 59             a_dict[‘title‘] = title
 60             a_dict[‘subtitle‘] = subtitle
 61             result.append(a_dict)
 62         return result
 63
 64
 65 class It199Spider(object):
 66     @classmethod
 67     def crawl_with_keyword(cls, keyword):
 68         url = ‘http://www.199it.com/archives/tag/‘ + keyword
 69         print url
 70         response = requests.get(url, cls.get_headers())
 71         if response.status_code == 200:
 72             return cls.get_info(response.text)
 73         else:
 74             return None
 75
 76     @classmethod
 77     def get_headers(cls):
 78         user_agent = [
 79             ‘Mozilla / 5.0(compatible;MSIE9.0;Windows NT 6.1;Trident / 5.0‘,
 80             ‘Mozilla / 4.0(compatible;MSIE6.0;Windows NT 5.1‘,
 81             ‘Mozilla / 5.0(compatible;MSIE7.0;Windows NT 5.1‘,
 82             ‘Mozilla / 5.0(compatible;MSIE8.0;Windows NT 6.0‘,
 83             ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 Safari/537.36‘
 84         ]
 85         headers = {
 86             ‘User-Agent‘: random.choice(user_agent)
 87         }
 88         return headers
 89
 90     @classmethod
 91     def get_info(cls, content):
 92         tree = etree.HTML(content)
 93         articles = tree.xpath(‘//article‘)
 94         result = []
 95         for article in articles:
 96             a_dict = {}
 97
 98             # 提取正文
 99             img_url = article.xpath(‘div[@class="entry-list-left"]/div/a/img/@src‘)
100             title = article.xpath(‘div[@class="entry-list-right"]/h2/a/text()‘)
101             url = article.xpath(‘div[@class="entry-list-right"]/h2/a/@href‘)
102             post_time = article.xpath(‘div[@class="entry-list-right"]/table/tr/td[2]/text()‘)
103             tag = article.xpath(‘div[@class="entry-list-right"]/table/tr/td[4]/a/text()‘)
104             summary = article.xpath(‘div[@class="entry-list-right"]/p[@class="post-excerpt"]/text()‘)
105             print img_url, url, title, post_time, tag, summary
106
107             # 构造字典
108             a_dict[‘img_url‘] = img_url[0] if img_url else None
109             a_dict[‘title‘] = title[0] if title else None
110             a_dict[‘url‘] = url[0] if url else None
111             a_dict[‘post_time‘] = post_time[0] if post_time else None
112             a_dict[‘tag‘] = tag[0] if tag else None
113             a_dict[‘summary‘] = summary[0] if summary else None
114             result.append(a_dict)
115         return result if len(result) < 10 else result[0: 10]

classmethod类方法使用

@staticmethod（不需要表示自身对象的self和自身类的cls参数，就跟使用函数一样。调用方法：实例对象或类对象.方法 ）

class A(object):
    bar = 1
    def foo(self):
        print(‘foo‘)

    @staticmethod
    def static_foo():
        print(‘static_foo‘)
        print(A.bar)

    @classmethod
    def class_foo(cls):
        print(‘class_foo‘)
        print(cls.bar)
        cls().foo()

A.static_foo()
A.class_foo()

——————————————————————
static_foo
1
class_foo
1
foo