解决项目字符乱码
乱码问题说明:基本上在每个Servlet中都要处理乱码问题,所以应该把这个工作放到过滤器中来完成。
获取请求参数中的乱码问题:
POST请求:request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
GET请求:new String(request.getParamter("xxx").getBytes("ISO-8859-1","UTF-8");
响应的乱码问题:
response.setContextType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
代码实现:
EncodingServlet.java
package com.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class EncodingServlet */ @WebServlet(name="EncodingServlet",urlPatterns={"/EncodingServlet"}) public class EncodingServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() */ public EncodingServlet() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //响应乱码问题 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); String username = request.getParameter("username"); PrintWriter out =response.getWriter(); out.println(username); } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //响应乱码问题 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); String username = request.getParameter("username"); PrintWriter out =response.getWriter(); out.println(username); } }
EncoddingRequest.java
package com.filter; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; /** * 装饰request * @author Administrator * @date 2016年8月13日 */ public class EncodingRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { private HttpServletRequest req; public EncodingRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { super(request); this.req = request; } public String getParameter(String name) { String value = req.getParameter(name); //处理编码问题 try { value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return value; } }
EncodingFilter.java
package com.filter; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter */ @WebFilter(filterName="EncodingFilter",urlPatterns={"/encode.jsp"}) public class EncodingFilter implements Filter { /** * Default constructor. */ public EncodingFilter() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see Filter#destroy() */ public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } /** * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //处理POST请求编码问题 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //处理GET请求编码问题 HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)request; if(req.getMethod().equals("GET")){ EncodingRequest er = new EncodingRequest(req); chain.doFilter(er, response); }else if(req.getMethod().equals("POST")) { chain.doFilter(request, response); } } /** * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig) */ public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }
encode.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>字符乱码问题</title> </head> <body> <a href="EncodingServlet?username=张三">GET请求</a> <form action="EncodingServlet" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username" value="李四"/> <input type="submit" value="登录" /> </form> </body> </html>
运行结果:
使用GET请求:
使用POST请求:
分IP统计网站的访问次数
网站统计每个IP地址访问本网站的次数说明:因为一个网站可能有多个页面,无论哪个页面被访问,都要统计访
问次数,所以使用过滤器最为方便。
统计工作需要在所有资源之前都执行,那么就可以放到Filter中了。我们这个过滤器不打算做拦截操作,因为我们
只是用来做统计的。
装载统计数据的容器:Map<String,Object>,整个网站只需要一个Map即可。
Map需要在Filter中用来保存数据。
Map需要在页面使用,打印Map中的数据。
Map需要使用ServletContextListener在服务器启动时完成创建,并只保存到ServletContext中。
代码实现:
IPListener.java
package com.listener; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener; /** * Application Lifecycle Listener implementation class IPListener * */ @WebListener public class IPListener implements ServletContextListener { /** * Default constructor. */ public IPListener() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent) */ public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } /** * 在服务器启动时创建Map,保存到ServletContext * @see ServletContextListener#contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent) */ public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) { //创建Map Map<String, Integer> map = new LinkedHashMap<String,Integer>(); //得到ServletContext ServletContext application = servletContextEvent.getServletContext(); //把map保存到application中 application.setAttribute("map", map); } }
IPFilter.java
package com.filter; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; /** * 从application中获取Map * 从request中得到当前客户端的IP * 进行统计工作,结果保存到Map中 */ @WebFilter(filterName="IPFilter",urlPatterns={"/*"}) public class IPFilter implements Filter { private FilterConfig confige; /** * Default constructor. */ public IPFilter() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see Filter#destroy() */ public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } /** * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // place your code here //1得到application中的map ServletContext app = confige.getServletContext(); Map<String, Integer> map = (Map<String, Integer>)app.getAttribute("map"); //2从request中获取当前客户端的IP地址 String ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); //3查看map中的是否存在这个IP对应访问次数,如果存在,把次数+1再保存回去 //如果不存在这个IP,那么说明是第一次访问本站,设置访问次数为1 if(map.containsKey(ip)){ int cnt = map.get(ip); map.put(ip, cnt+1); }else { map.put(ip, 1); } //4把map放回到app中 app.setAttribute("map", map); // 放行 chain.doFilter(request, response); } /** * 在服务器启动时执行此方法,而且只执行一次 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig) */ public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException { this.confige = fConfig; } }
show.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!-- 导入JSTL标签库 --> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>结果页面</title> </head> <body> <h1 align="center">显示结果</h1> <table align="center" width="60%" border="1"> <tr> <td>IP</td> <td>次数</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${applicationScope.map}" var="entry"> <tr> <td>${entry.key}</td> <td>${entry.value}</td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </body> </html>
运行结果:
页面静态化
页面静态化说明:首次访问去数据库获取数据,然后把数据保存到一个HTML页面中。第二次访问以及以后的访
问,就不再去访问数据库了,而是直接显示HTML。
项目所用数据库:
create database imooc charset utf8;
create table imooc_book( bid char(32) primary key, bname varchar(100), price numeric(10,2), category int )charset utf8; insert into imooc_book values(‘b1‘,‘JavaSE_1‘,10,1); insert into imooc_book values(‘b2‘,‘JavaSE_2‘,15,1); insert into imooc_book values(‘b3‘,‘JavaSE_3‘,20,1); insert into imooc_book values(‘b4‘,‘JavaSE_4‘,25,1); insert into imooc_book values(‘b5‘,‘JavaEE_1‘,30,2); insert into imooc_book values(‘b6‘,‘JavaEE_1‘,35,2); insert into imooc_book values(‘b7‘,‘JavaEE_1‘,40,2); insert into imooc_book values(‘b8‘,‘Java_framework_1‘,45,3); insert into imooc_book values(‘b9‘,‘Java_framework_2‘,50,3);
整个项目的概述:
JSP:link.jsp页面:链接页面,四个超链接:1)查看所有、2)查看SE分类、3)查看EE分类、4)查看框架分类
show.jsp页面:显示查询结果
servlet:BookServlet的findAll()方法:查看所有图书
BookServlet的findByCategory()方法:按分类进行查询
service:BookService略
dao:BookDao的List<Book> findAll()方法:从数据查询出所有图书
BookDao的List<Book> findByCategory(int category)方法:从数据库分类进行查询
domain:Book实体类:与数据库相对应
filter:StaticFilter.java用于判断请求是否为首次请求并作出响应的处理
StaticResponse.java生成静态HTML文件
相关jar包导入:
代码实现:
Book.java
package com.domain; /** * Book实体类 * @author Administrator * @date 2016年8月16日 */ public class Book { private String bid; private String bname; private double price; private int category; public String getBid() { return bid; } public void setBid(String bid) { this.bid = bid; } public String getBname() { return bname; } public void setBname(String bname) { this.bname = bname; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } public int getCategory() { return category; } public void setCategory(int category) { this.category = category; } @Override public String toString() { return "Book [bid=" + bid + ", bname=" + bname + ", price=" + price + ", category=" + category + "]"; } }
BookDao.java
package com.dao; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler; import com.domain.Book; import cn.itcast.jdbc.TxQueryRunner; public class BookDao { private QueryRunner qr = new TxQueryRunner(); public List<Book> findAll(){ try { String sql = "select * from imooc_book"; return qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Book>(Book.class)); } catch (SQLException e) { throw new RuntimeException(); } } public List<Book> findByCategory(int category){ try { String sql = "select * from imooc_book where category=?"; return qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Book>(Book.class),category); } catch (SQLException e) { throw new RuntimeException(); } } }
BookServlet.java
package com.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import com.dao.BookDao; import cn.itcast.servlet.BaseServlet; /** * Servlet implementation class BookServlet */ @WebServlet("/BookServlet") public class BookServlet extends BaseServlet { private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao(); public String findAll(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,IOException{ request.setAttribute("bookList", bookDao.findAll()); return "/show.jsp";//转发 } public String findByCategory(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,IOException{ String value = request.getParameter("category"); int category = Integer.parseInt(value); request.setAttribute("bookList", bookDao.findByCategory(category)); return "/show.jsp";//转发 } }
StaticFilter.java
package com.filter; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet Filter implementation class StaticFilter */ @WebFilter(filterName="StaticFilter",urlPatterns = { "/BookServlet" }) public class StaticFilter implements Filter { private FilterConfig config; /** * Default constructor. */ public StaticFilter() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see Filter#destroy() */ public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } /** * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request; HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response; /* * 第一次访问时,查找请求对应的HTML页面是否存在,如果存在,重定向到HTML页面 * 如果不存在,放行,把Servlet访问数据库后,输出给客户端的数据保存到一个HTML文件中 * 然后再重定向到HTML页面 */ //获取category参数,category有四种可能 String category = request.getParameter("category"); String htmlPage = category + ".html"; String htmlPath = config.getServletContext().getRealPath("/htmls"); File destFile = new File(htmlPath,htmlPage); //如果文件存在 if(destFile.exists()){ res.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/htmls/" + htmlPage); return ; } //如果不存在 StaticResponse sr = new StaticResponse(res, destFile.getAbsolutePath()); chain.doFilter(request, sr);//放行,即生成HTML文件 //重定向到HTML文件 res.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/htmls/" + htmlPage); } /** * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig) */ public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException { this.config = fConfig; } }
StaticResponse.jav
package com.filter; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper; public class StaticResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper { private PrintWriter pw; /** * String path:HTML文件路径 * @param response * @param path * @throws FileNotFoundException * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException */ public StaticResponse(HttpServletResponse response,String path) throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException { super(response); //创建一个与HTML文件路径绑定在一起的流对象 pw = new PrintWriter(path,"UTF-8"); } public PrintWriter getWriter(){ //返回一个与HTML绑定在一起的PrintWriter对象 return pw; } }
link.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>超链接页面</title> </head> <body> <h1>超链接页面</h1> <a href="BookServlet?method=findAll" >查看所有</a><br/> <a href="BookServlet?method=findByCategory&category=1" >查看JavaSE</a><br/> <a href="BookServlet?method=findByCategory&category=2" >查看JavaEE</a><br/> <a href="BookServlet?method=findByCategory&category=3" >查看Java_framework</a><br/> </body> </html>
show.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!-- 导入JSTL标签库 --> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>显示页面</title> </head> <body> <h1 align="center">图书列表</h1> <table border="1" align="center" width="50%"> <tr> <th>图书名称</th> <th>图书单价</th> <th>图书分类</th> </tr> <c:forEach items="${bookList}" var="book"> <tr> <td>${book.bname}</td> <td>${book.price}</td> <c:choose> <c:when test="${book.category eq 1 }"> <td style="color:red">JavaSE</td> </c:when> <c:when test="${book.category eq 2 }"> <td style="color:blue">JavaEE</td> </c:when> <c:when test="${book.category eq 3 }"> <td style="color:green">JavaFramework</td> </c:when> </c:choose> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </body> </html>
运行结果:
链接页面:
查看所有:
查看JavaSE分类:
查看JavaEE分类:
查看JavaFramework分类:
那么在Tomcat服务器下的webapps中的Book项目中会有静态页面生成: