springMvc的注解注入方式
最近在看springMvc的源码,看到了该框架的注入注解的部分觉的有点吃力,可能还是对注解的方面的知识还认识的不够深刻,所以特意去学习注解方面的知识。由于本人也是抱着学习的态度来阅读源码,若文章在表述和代码方面如有不妥之处,欢迎批评指正。留下你的脚印,欢迎评论!希望能互相学习。
1,首先定义三个常用的注解Service,Autowired,Contrller;(主要的解释都在代码中有,在这里就不多陈述)
Service:
package com.lishun.Annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; /*Description: * @Target:指定注解的使用范围(指的是,在哪些类型可以使用该注解:Service注解只能在类,接口(包括注解类型)或enum等使用) * 可选值: * 可选的值在枚举类 ElemenetType 中,包括: ElemenetType.CONSTRUCTOR 构造器声明 ElemenetType.FIELD 域声明(包括 enum 实例) ElemenetType.LOCAL_VARIABLE 局部变量声明 ElemenetType.ANNOTATION_TYPE 作用于注解量声明 ElemenetType.METHOD 方法声明 ElemenetType.PACKAGE 包声明 ElemenetType.PARAMETER 参数声明 ElemenetType.TYPE 类,接口(包括注解类型)或enum声明 * */ @Target(ElementType.TYPE) /*Description: * @Retention :表示在什么级别保存该注解信息 * 可选的参数值在枚举类型 RetentionPolicy 中,包括: RetentionPolicy.SOURCE 注解将被编译器丢弃 RetentionPolicy.CLASS 注解在class文件中可用,但会被VM丢弃 RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME VM将在运行期也保留注释,因此可以通过反射机制读取注解的信息。 * */ @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) /*@Documented 将此注解包含在 javadoc 中 ,它代表着此注解会被javadoc工具提取成文档。 * 在doc文档中的内容会因为此注解的信息内容不同而不同。相当与@see,@param 等。 * */ @Documented public @interface Service { /* @interface用来声明一个注解,其中的每一个方法实际上是声明了一个配置参数。 * 方法的名称就是参数的名称,返回值类型就是参数的类型(返回值类型只能是基本类型、Class、String、enum)。 * 可以通过default来声明参数的默认值。 */ String value() default "this is service annotation"; }
Autowired:
package com.lishun.Annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Inherited; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.FIELD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Autowired { public String value() default "no description"; }
Contrller:
package com.lishun.Annotation; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Contrller { String value() default "this is contrller annotation"; }
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2:javaBean数据池-BeanFactory:主要存放含有注解的类;
package com.lishun.factory; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * Description:存放所有bean的数据池 * @author lishun * @since 2015-09-10 */ public class BeanFactory { private static Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); public static void addBean(String beanName, Object bean) { map.put(beanName, bean); } public static Object getBean(String beanName) throws Exception { Object o = map.get(beanName); if (o != null) { return o; } else { throw new Exception("未注入的类型:" + beanName); } } public static Boolean containsBean(String beanName){ return map.containsKey(beanName); } }
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3:编写处理注解的核心代码(这里涉及的主要知识是反射,如果反射知识不够熟练的话建议先学习反射方面的知识),主要涉及的两个类是注解驱动(AnnotationDriven)和注解扫描类(PackUtils-这个类主要的是扫描包名下所有的类(如com.lishun,就是扫描该包下所有的类),代码主要是来自网络)
AnnotationDriven:
package com.lishun.utils; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.util.List; import com.lishun.Annotation.Autowired; import com.lishun.Annotation.Contrller; import com.lishun.Annotation.Service; import com.lishun.factory.BeanFactory; /** * Description:注入驱动类,所有的注解注入都在这里实现(这里只实现了通过类型来注入值,其他方式没实现,其实代码都是差不多了,有兴趣的可以自行脑补) * @author lishun * */ public class AnnotationDriven { public static void annotationDriven(String packName) throws Exception { //注入Service和Contrller List<Class<?>> classSaveServicePaths = PackUtils .getClassListByAnnotation(packName, Service.class); List<Class<?>> classSaveContrllerPaths = PackUtils .getClassListByAnnotation(packName, Contrller.class); saveBean(classSaveServicePaths); saveBean(classSaveContrllerPaths); //注入Autowired List<Class<?>> classInjectPaths = PackUtils.getClassListByAnnotation( packName, Autowired.class); inject(classInjectPaths); } private static void saveBean(List<Class<?>> classSavePaths) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException { for (Class<?> classPath : classSavePaths) { try { Class c = Class.forName(classPath.getName()); Object o = c.newInstance(); //扫描的到的含有注解的类实例化后保存在池中 BeanFactory.addBean(classPath.getName(), o); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private static void inject(List<Class<?>> classInjectPaths) throws Exception { Object o = null; for (Class<?> classInjectPath : classInjectPaths) { Class c = Class.forName(classInjectPath.getName()); //判断存放bean的池中是否存在该bean if (BeanFactory.containsBean(classInjectPath.getName())) { o = BeanFactory.getBean(classInjectPath.getName()); } else { o = c.newInstance(); } Field[] fields = c.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { Annotation[] annotations = field.getAnnotations(); for (Annotation annotation : annotations) { // 判断是否是通过类型注解注入 if (annotation instanceof Autowired) { Class classField = field.getType(); Object clazz = BeanFactory .getBean(classField.getName()); field.set(o, clazz); BeanFactory.addBean(classInjectPath.getName(), o); } } } } } }
PackUtils:
package com.lishun.utils; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileFilter; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.net.JarURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.List; import java.util.jar.JarEntry; import java.util.jar.JarFile; /** * Description:扫描指定包工具类的注解 * @author lishun * @since 2015-09-10 */ public class PackUtils { public static List<Class<?>> getClassList(String packageName, boolean isRecursive) { List<Class<?>> classList = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(); try { Enumeration<URL> urls = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(packageName.replaceAll("\\.", "/")); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); if (url != null) { String protocol = url.getProtocol(); if (protocol.equals("file")) { String packagePath = url.getPath(); addClass(classList, packagePath, packageName, isRecursive); } else if (protocol.equals("jar")) { JarURLConnection jarURLConnection = (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection(); JarFile jarFile = jarURLConnection.getJarFile(); Enumeration<JarEntry> jarEntries = jarFile.entries(); while (jarEntries.hasMoreElements()) { JarEntry jarEntry = jarEntries.nextElement(); String jarEntryName = jarEntry.getName(); if (jarEntryName.endsWith(".class")) { String className = jarEntryName.substring(0, jarEntryName.lastIndexOf(".")).replaceAll("/", "."); if (isRecursive || className.substring(0, className.lastIndexOf(".")).equals(packageName)) { classList.add(Class.forName(className)); } } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return classList; } // 获取指定包名下的所有类(可根据注解进行过滤) public static List<Class<?>> getClassListByAnnotation(String packageName, Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) { List<Class<?>> classList = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(); try { Enumeration<URL> urls = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(packageName.replaceAll("\\.", "/")); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); if (url != null) { String protocol = url.getProtocol(); if (protocol.equals("file")) { String packagePath = url.getPath(); addClassByAnnotation(classList, packagePath, packageName, annotationClass); } else if (protocol.equals("jar")) { JarURLConnection jarURLConnection = (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection(); JarFile jarFile = jarURLConnection.getJarFile(); Enumeration<JarEntry> jarEntries = jarFile.entries(); while (jarEntries.hasMoreElements()) { JarEntry jarEntry = jarEntries.nextElement(); String jarEntryName = jarEntry.getName(); if (jarEntryName.endsWith(".class")) { String className = jarEntryName.substring(0, jarEntryName.lastIndexOf(".")).replaceAll("/", "."); Class<?> cls = Class.forName(className); if (cls.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) { classList.add(cls); } } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return classList; } private static void addClass(List<Class<?>> classList, String packagePath, String packageName, boolean isRecursive) { try { File[] files = getClassFiles(packagePath); if (files != null) { for (File file : files) { String fileName = file.getName(); if (file.isFile()) { String className = getClassName(packageName, fileName); classList.add(Class.forName(className)); } else { if (isRecursive) { String subPackagePath = getSubPackagePath(packagePath, fileName); String subPackageName = getSubPackageName(packageName, fileName); addClass(classList, subPackagePath, subPackageName, isRecursive); } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static File[] getClassFiles(String packagePath) { return new File(packagePath).listFiles(new FileFilter() { @Override public boolean accept(File file) { return (file.isFile() && file.getName().endsWith(".class")) || file.isDirectory(); } }); } private static String getClassName(String packageName, String fileName) { String className = fileName.substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); if (!packageName.equals("")) { className = packageName + "." + className; } return className; } private static String getSubPackagePath(String packagePath, String filePath) { String subPackagePath = filePath; if (!packagePath.equals("")) { subPackagePath = packagePath + "/" + subPackagePath; } return subPackagePath; } private static String getSubPackageName(String packageName, String filePath) { String subPackageName = filePath; if (!packageName.equals("")) { subPackageName = packageName + "." + subPackageName; } return subPackageName; } private static void addClassByAnnotation(List<Class<?>> classList, String packagePath, String packageName, Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) { try { File[] files = getClassFiles(packagePath); if (files != null) { for (File file : files) { String fileName = file.getName(); if (file.isFile()) { String className = getClassName(packageName, fileName); Class<?> cls = Class.forName(className); if (cls.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) { classList.add(cls); } Field[] fields=cls.getFields(); for (Field field : fields) { if(field.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)){ classList.add(cls); } } } else { String subPackagePath = getSubPackagePath(packagePath, fileName); String subPackageName = getSubPackageName(packageName, fileName); addClassByAnnotation(classList, subPackagePath, subPackageName, annotationClass); } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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4 最后编写平时使用的设计模式来测试注解(Dao,Service,Contrller)【这里主要是为测试注解的注入,所以没有使用实际的使用数据库数据,侧重点不在这里】
Dao
package com.lishun.Dao; import com.lishun.Annotation.Service; @Service public class UserDao { public void run(){ System.out.println("测试成功"); } }
Service:
package com.lishun.Service; import com.lishun.Annotation.Autowired; import com.lishun.Annotation.Service; import com.lishun.Dao.UserDao; @Service public class UserService { @Autowired public UserDao userDao; public void run(){ userDao.run(); } }
Controller:
package com.lishun.controller; import com.lishun.Annotation.Autowired; import com.lishun.Annotation.Contrller; import com.lishun.Service.UserService; @Contrller public class UserContrller { @Autowired public UserService userService; public void login(){ userService.run(); } }
测试入口
package com.lishun.t; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; import com.lishun.Annotation.Autowired; import com.lishun.Annotation.Contrller; import com.lishun.Annotation.Service; import com.lishun.Dao.UserDao; import com.lishun.Service.UserService; import com.lishun.controller.UserContrller; import com.lishun.factory.BeanFactory; import com.lishun.utils.AnnotationDriven; import com.lishun.utils.PackUtils; public class test { @Test public void main() throws Exception { //启动时根据需要扫描的包名,来注入含有注解的类的字段值 AnnotationDriven.annotationDriven("com.lishun"); //这里相当于web的访问一次controller的一次请求 UserContrller user = (UserContrller) BeanFactory .getBean("com.lishun.controller.UserContrller"); user.login(); } }
最后运行,
控制台输出:测试成功