Django路由系统(网址关系映射)、视图、模板
一、路由系统(网址关系映射)
1、单一路由对应:
一个url对应一个视图函数(类)
urls.py: url(r‘^test‘, views.test), #url(r‘^home‘, views.Test.as_view()), views.py: def test(request): print(request.method) return render(request, "home.html") """ class Test(View): def get(self, request): print(request.method) return render(request, "home.html") def post(self, request): print(request.method) return render(request, "home.html") """
2、基于正则路由对应:
多个url对应一个视图
urls.py # 多个url对应一个视图函数,不过在给视图函数传参时,要根据对应形参位置进行传参 url(r‘^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail), # 多个url对应一个视图函数,推荐这种写法,在正则匹配完毕后进行了分组分配,在传参时就可以形参位置变化也没有关系 url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail), views.py: #普通传参 def detail(request, nid, uid): print(nid, uid) return HttpResponse("%s - %s" % (nid, uid)) #args传参 def detail(request, *args, **kwargs): print(args[0], args[1]) return HttpResponse("%s - %s" % (args[0], args[1])) #kwargs传参 def detail(request, *args, **kwargs): print(kwargs["nid"], kwargs["uid"]) return HttpResponse("%s - %s" % (kwargs["nid"], kwargs["uid"]))
3、name:
对URL路由关系进行命名,以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL
urls.py: url(r‘^url_1/‘, views.index, name=‘i1‘), url(r‘^url_2/(\d+)/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name=‘i2‘), url(r‘^url_3/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/‘, views.index, name=‘i3‘), views.py: from django.urls import reverse def func(request, *args, **kwargs): url1 = reverse(‘i1‘) # url_1/ url2 = reverse(‘i2‘, args=(1,2,)) # url_2/1/2/ url3 = reverse(‘i3‘, kwargs={‘pid‘: 1, "nid": 9}) # url_3/1/9/ xxx.html: {% url "i1" %} # url_1/ {% url "i2" 1 2 %} # url_2/1/2/ {% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # url_3/1/9/ PS: # 显示当前的URL request.path_info
4、多级路由:
多级路由目的避免有多个app时,在project urls.py的路由(网址)因路径名称一致而引起的冲突
#project/urls.py: from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^app1/‘, include("app1.urls")), url(r‘^app2/‘, include("app2.urls")), ] #app01/urls.py: from django.conf.urls import url from app1 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test‘, views.test), ] #app02/urls.py: from django.conf.urls import url from app2 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^test‘, views.test), ]
5、默认值、命名空间
pass
二、视图
1、FBV&CBV
1.1、 FBV (Function Base VIew)在view(视图)中基于函数编写逻辑
#urls.py: url(r‘^test‘, views.test), # FBV function base view #views.py: def test(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request, ‘test.html‘)
1.2、CBV(Class Base Viev)在view(视图)中基于类编写逻辑
#urls.py; url(r‘^home‘, views.Test.as_view()), # CBV class base view .as_view() Test没有view所以在views.py中Test类中继承Django的View #views.py: from django.views import View class Test(View): # 调用父类中的dispatch方法,并重写 def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 通过dispatch的反射可以找到如:get、post方法的起始点 print("before") result = super(Test, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) return result def get(self, request): print(request.method) return render(request, "home.html") def post(self, request): print(request.method) return render(request, "home.html")
2、HTML from表单提交数据的提取示例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/test" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"><!--enctypes属性没有的话,默认提交的是字符串,无法实现文件上传--> <p> <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" /> </p> <p> <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" /> </p> <p> 男:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/> 女:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2"/> 张扬:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="3"/> </p> <p> 男:<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="11"/> 女:<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="22"/> 张扬:<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="33"/> </p> <p> <select name="city" multiple> <option value="sh">上海</option> <option value="bj">北京</option> <option value="tj">天津</option> </select> </p> <p> <input type="file" name="file"/> </p> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </body> </html>
test.html
def test(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request, ‘test.html‘) elif request.method == "POST": # text v = request.POST.get(‘pwd‘) # 获取input输入框输入的value print(v) # radio v0 = request.POST.get(‘gender‘) # 获取radio的value print(v0) # checkbox v1 = request.POST.getlist(‘favor‘) # 获取checkbox多选情况下的value print(v1) # select v2 = request.POST.getlist(‘city‘) # 获取select下拉框multiple情况下的value print(v2) # file obj = request.FILES.get(‘file‘) # 获取上传文件并保存 print(obj, type(obj), obj.name) import os file_path = os.path.join(‘upload‘, obj.name) f = open(file_path, mode="wb") for i in obj.chunks(): # chunks()利用生成器,每次只加载部分上传的文件,直至加载完毕 f.write(i) f.close() return redirect("/test") else: # PUT,DELETE,HEAD,OPTION... return redirect("/test")
三、模板
上一篇博文有粗略概况
pass
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Keep-Ambition/p/8432374.html
时间: 2024-10-23 06:20:40