限定某个目录禁止解析PHP
对于使用PHP语言编写的网站，有一些目录是有需求上传文件的，比如服务器可以上传图片，并且没有做防盗链，所以就会被人家当成了一个图片存储服务器，并且盗用带宽流量。如果网站代码有漏洞，让黑客上传了一个用PHP代码写的木马，由于网站可以执行PHP程序，最终会让黑客拿到服务器权限，为了避免这种情况发生，我们需要把能上传文件的目录直接禁止解析PHP代码（不用担心会影响网站访问，若这种目录也需要解析PHP，那说明程序员不合格）
1. 修改虚拟主机配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
核心配置文件内容:
<Directory /data/wwwroot/111.com/upload>
php_admin_flag engine off //这一段就可以禁止解析PHP代码
<FilesMatch (.*)\.php(.*)> //这一段就是让php的文件访问受到限制，防止php文件的源代码被查看
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>
</Directory>
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK //测试语法
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful //加载配置
[[email protected] 111.com]# mkdir upload //创建一个upload目录
[[email protected] 111.com]# ls
123.php admin index.php qq.png upload
[[email protected] 111.com]# cp 123.php upload/
修改后示例图
2. 使用curl测试时返回403
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x172.16.111.100:80 'http://111.com/upload/123.php' -I //直接不给访问权限
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 06:19:17 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
测试需要把下面配置先禁止掉：
<FilesMatch (.*)\.php(.*)>
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
修改后示例图：
禁止掉后使用curl后的测试结果：
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/upload/123.php' //下例信息说明123.php不能正常解析
<?php
echo "123.php";
?>
限制user_agent
user_agent可以理解为浏览器标识，针对user_agent来限制一些访问，比如可以限制一些不太友好的搜索引擎“爬虫”，你之所以能在百度搜到一些论坛，就是因为百度会派一些“蜘蛛爬虫”过来抓取网站数据。“蜘蛛爬虫”抓取数据类似于用户用浏览器访问网站，当“蜘蛛爬虫”太多或者访问太频繁，就会浪费服务器资源。另外，也可以限制恶意请求，这种恶意请求我们通常称作cc攻击，他的原理很简单，就是用很多用户的电脑同时访问同一个站点，当访问量或者频率达到一定层次，会耗尽服务器资源，从而使之不能正常提供服务。这种cc攻击其实有很明显的规律，其中这些恶意请求的user_agent相同或者相似，那我们就可以通过限制user_agent发挥防攻击的作用。
1. 针对user_agent来做访问限制的核心配置文件内容
[[email protected] 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
核心配置文件内容
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*curl.* [NC,OR] //OR是或者的意思，user_agent匹配curl或者匹配baidu.com
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*baidu.com.* [NC] //NC是忽略大小写
RewriteRule .* - [F] //F是Forbidden
</IfModule>
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
修改配置示例如下图：
2.使用curl测试如下：
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/upload/123.php'
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>403 Forbidden</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Forbidden</h1>
<p>You don't have permission to access /upload/123.php
on this server.<br />
</p>
</body></html>
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/upload/123.php' -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 07:03:42 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
3.指定user_agent，如果不指定user_agent，那么curl作为user_agent会被限制访问，从上面测试可以看出。
示例如下：
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/upload/123.php' -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 07:08:20 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Last-Modified: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 06:16:53 GMT
ETag: "19-561383aa99f09"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 25
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 07:08:20 GMT
Content-Type: application/x-httpd-php
[[email protected] 111.com]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_20171226.log //查看日志
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:25:40 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:26:52 +0800] "GET http://111.com/upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 25 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:29:07 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:29:16 +0800] "GET /123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:29:31 +0800] "GET /uploab/123.php HTTP/1.1" 404 212 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:29:43 +0800] "GET /upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 25 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:14:29:44 +0800] "GET /upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 25 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:15:03:15 +0800] "GET http://111.com/upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 403 223 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:15:03:42 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 403 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [26/Dec/2017:15:08:20 +0800] "HEAD http://111.com/upload/123.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "xietao xietao"
解释说明：
常用配置选项：
使用参数 -A 指定了它的user_agent后就可以访问。
使用参数 -e 指定referer
使用参数 -x 相对省略本地绑定hosts
使用参数 -I 查看状态码
php相关配置
虽然PHP是以httpd一个模块的形式存在，但是PHP本身也有自己的配置文件。
1. 查看PHP配置文件位置
[[email protected] 111.com]# ls
123.php admin index.php qq.png upload
[[email protected] 111.com]# vi index.php //编辑index文件，输入以下内容,保存退出。
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
浏览器访问：http://111.com/index.php
复制源码包里开发配置文件
[[email protected] 111.com]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.1.6
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful //重新加载配置
结果如下图：
解释说明：
php.ini为PHP的配置文件，可以看出其在/usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini。
2.PHP的disable_functions
PHP有诸多的内置的函数，有一些函数（比如exec）会直接调取linux的系统命令，如果开放将会非常危险，因此，基于安全考虑应该把一些存在安全风险的函数禁掉。
示例如下：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini //搜索disable_functions,编辑加上如下函数
eval,assert,popen,passthru,escapeshellarg,escapeshellcmd,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,popen,proc_open,proc_close，phpinfo
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful //重新加载配置
因为加上了phpinfo函数，所以访问index.php时结果如下：
3.定义date.timezone，如果不定义会导致有告警信息
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini //找到date.timezone
定义如下：
date.timezone = Asia/Shangahi(或Chongqing）
示例图如下：
4. 配置 error_log
PHP的日志对于程序员来讲非常重要，它是排查问题的重要手段。
如果加上了phpinfo函数后，浏览器上访问http://111.com/index.php 就会有信息输出，这样也暴露的地址目录，相对来说也不安全，我们需要把报错信息也隐藏掉，操作如下：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini //搜索display_errors
定义如下：
display_errors = Off
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
修改示意图
浏览访问结果如下：
使用curl测试如下：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/index.php'
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/index.php' -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 09:02:01 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 09:02:01 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
总结：配置了display_errors = Off后，浏览器访问没有任何输出信息，一片空白，使用curl输出也是一样，这样我们就无法判断是否有问题，所以需要配置错误日志。
修改配置日志示例如下：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
定义如下：
//搜索log_errors 改为 log_errors =On
//搜索error_log 改为 /tmp/php/php_errors.log
//搜索error_reporting 改为 error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
//搜索display_errors 改为 display_errors = Off
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 'http://111.com/index.php'
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# ls /tmp/
pear php_errors.log systemd-private-c13d62a36c594e09a55010e8f304eb60-vmtoolsd.service-1qgl8W
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# ls -l /tmp/php_errors.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 daemon daemon 290 12月 26 17:13 /tmp/php_errors.log
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# ps aux |grep httpd
root 5358 0.0 1.4 260000 14804 ? Ss 12月19 0:37 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k graceful
daemon 14250 0.0 1.3 546828 13604 ? Sl 17:13 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k graceful
daemon 14251 0.0 1.1 546828 11580 ? Sl 17:13 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k graceful
daemon 14252 0.0 1.8 682124 18552 ? Sl 17:13 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k graceful
root 14340 0.0 0.0 112680 972 pts/0 S+ 17:15 0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# grep error_log /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
; server-specific log, STDERR, or a location specified by the error_log
; Set maximum length of log_errors. In error_log information about the source is
error_log = /tmp/php_errors.log
;error_log = syslog
; OPcache error_log file name. Empty string assumes "stderr".
;opcache.error_log=
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# touch /tmp/php_errors.log ; chmod 777 /tmp/php_errors.log //因为日志用户是daemon，日志是随着httpd的服务启动，为了保证PHP的错误日志所在目录存在，并且有权限为可写。
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# cat /tmp/php_errors.log
[26-Dec-2017 17:13:35 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:13:47 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php on line 2
模拟一个错误演示：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php //编辑如下内容
<?php
echo 1234.php;
adfadgagagag
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php -I
HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 09:32:20 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
出现状态码500，这说明我们访问的页面是存在错误的，此时需要查看PHP的错误日志来判定错误原因，如下：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# !cat
cat /tmp/php_errors.log
[26-Dec-2017 17:13:35 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:13:47 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:32:08 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'php' (T_STRING), expecting ',' or ';' in /data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:32:20 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'php' (T_STRING), expecting ',' or ';' in /data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php on line 2
配置open_basedir
前言
一个服务器上跑很多网站，小公司为节省成本采用的做法，这样操作是会有一些弊端：多个网站跑在同一个服务器上，如果其中一个网站被黑，很有可能会连累到其他站点，为了避免这种尴尬的事情发生，我们应当作一些预防手段。
PHP有一个概念叫作open_basedir，它的作用是将网站限定在指定目录里，就算该站点被黑了，黑客只能在该目录下面有所作为，而不能左右其他目录。如果你的服务器上只有一个站点，那可以直接在php.ini中设置open_basedir参数。但如果服务器上跑的站点比较多，那在php.ini中设置就不合适了，因为在php.ini中只能定义一次，也就是说所有站点都一起定义限定的目录，那这样似乎起不到隔离多个站点的目的。
1.使用php.ini设置open_basedir举例演示：
条件：把这个open_basedir地址目录的111.com目录下改成错误的1111.com
得到如下日志结果，示例如下：
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini //编辑添加open_basedir目录地址
定义如下
open_basedir = /data/wwwroot/1111.com:/tmp
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php -I
HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 11:44:40 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vi /data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php //编辑定义如下，保存退出
<?php
echo 123;
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "xietao xietao" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php -I
HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 11:47:23 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# !cat
cat /tmp/php_errors.log
[26-Dec-2017 17:13:35 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:13:47 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: phpinfo() has been disabled for security reasons in /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:32:08 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'php' (T_STRING), expecting ',' or ';' in /data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 17:32:20 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'php' (T_STRING), expecting ',' or ';' in /data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php on line 2
[26-Dec-2017 19:44:40 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: Unknown: open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php) is not within the allowed path(s): (/data/wwwroot/1111.com:/tmp) in Unknown on line 0
[26-Dec-2017 19:44:40 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: Unknown: failed to open stream: Operation not permitted in Unknown on line 0
[26-Dec-2017 19:44:40 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Fatal error: Unknown: Failed opening required '/data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php' (include_path='.:/usr/local/php7/lib/php') in Unknown on line 0
[26-Dec-2017 19:47:23 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: Unknown: open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php) is not within the allowed path(s): (/data/wwwroot/1111.com:/tmp) in Unknown on line 0
[26-Dec-2017 19:47:23 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Warning: Unknown: failed to open stream: Operation not permitted in Unknown on line 0
[26-Dec-2017 19:47:23 Asia/Shanghai] PHP Fatal error: Unknown: Failed opening required '/data/wwwroot/111.com/2.php' (include_path='.:/usr/local/php7/lib/php') in Unknown on line 0
条件：把这个open_basedir地址目录改成正确的111.com
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
定义如下
open_basedir = /data/wwwroot/111.com:/tmp
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[[email protected] php-7.1.6]# curl -A "a" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 11:57:59 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 11:57:59 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
2.针对不同的虚拟主机去限制不同的open_basedir。
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
定义如下：
php_admin_value open_basedir "/data/wwwroot/111.com:/tmp/"
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
[[email protected] ~]# !curl
curl -A "a" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 12:34:57 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 12:34:57 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[[email protected] ~]# curl -A "a" -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/2.php
123[[email protected] ~]#
修改示例图：
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/ccj168/2083993