全局变量
IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
float red = 0.0f;
float green = 0.0f;
float blue = 0.0f;
int colormodr = 1;
int colormodg = 1;
int colormodb = 1;
函数原型bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
void ReleaseObjects();
bool InitScene();
void UpdateScene();
void DrawScene();if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) //Initialize Direct3D
{
MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed",
L"Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
if(!InitScene()) //Initialize our scene
{
MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed",
L"Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
messageloop();
ReleaseObjects();
Initializing Direct3D 11初始化dx11
1 bool InitializeDirect3dApp(HINSTANCE hInstance)
2 {
3 HRESULT hr;
4
5 //Describe our Buffer
6 DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
7
8 ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
9
10 bufferDesc.Width = Width;
11 bufferDesc.Height = Height;
12 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
13 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
14 bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
15 bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
16 bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
17
18 //Describe our SwapChain
19 DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
20
21 ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
22
23 swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
24 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
25 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
26 swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
27 swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
28 swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
29 swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
30 swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
31
32
33 //Create our SwapChain
34 hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
35 D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
36
37 //Create our BackBuffer
38 ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
39 hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );
40
41 //Create our Render Target
42 hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView );
43 BackBuffer->Release();
44
45 //Set our Render Target
46 d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL );
47
48 return true;
49 }
Describing the BackBuffer( DXGI_MODE_DESC )
typedef struct DXGI_MODE_DESC {
UINT Width;//宽度
UINT Height;//高度
DXGI_RATIONAL RefreshRate;//刷新率 设为60HZ
DXGI_FORMAT Format;//显示方式 rgba每个8bit 一共32bit
DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER ScanlineOrdering;//渲染方式 不指定 双缓冲无所谓
DXGI_MODE_SCALING Scaling;//缩放 不指定
} DXGI_MODE_DESC, *LPDXGI_MODE_DESC;DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc; ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC)); bufferDesc.Width = Width; bufferDesc.Height = Height; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;//渲染方式不指定 bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;//缩放不指定
Describing the SwapChain( DXGI_MODE_DESC )
typedef struct DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC {
DXGI_MODE_DESC BufferDesc;// 上述的backbuffer
DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC SampleDesc;//采样方式
DXGI_USAGE BufferUsage;//
UINT BufferCount;//缓冲区数量 1：双缓冲 2：三缓冲
HWND OutputWindow;//我们自己的输出窗口
BOOL Windowed;//是否窗口化
DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT SwapEffect;//cpu访问后台缓冲区的方式
UINT Flags;//额外的标志
} DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC;DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;//每个像素多重采样的数量 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;//质量 swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
Creating the Device and SwapChain( D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain() )
HRESULT D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
__in IDXGIAdapter *pAdapter,//我们使用的adapter NULL使用默认的
__in D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType,//direct3d要怎么实现 D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE将由gpu来实现
__in HMODULE Software,//软件栅格化的句柄 NULL
__in UINT Flags,//NULL
__in const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels,//NULL 使用最好的
__in UINT FeatureLevels,//NULL
__in UINT SDKVersion,//D3D11_SDK_VERSION
__in const DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *pSwapChainDesc,//刚创建的交换链
__out IDXGISwapChain **ppSwapChain,//接收我们刚创建的交换链
__out ID3D11Device **ppDevice,//device
__out D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevel,//D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL 最高的
__out ID3D11DeviceContext **ppImmediateContext//device context
);hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
Creating the BackBuffer( GetBuffer() )
HRESULT GetBuffer(
[in] UINT Buffer,//0
[in] REFIID riid,//ID3D11Texture2D 改变后缓冲区的借口类型的引用id
[in, out] void **ppSurface//backbuffer
);ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer; hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );
Creating the Render Target( ID3D11Device::CreateRenderTargetView() ) and release backbuffer
HRESULT CreateRenderTargetView(
[in] ID3D11Resource *pResource,//Back buffer
[in] const D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC *pDesc,//设null创建一个视图来访问mipmap为0的所有子资源
[out] ID3D11RenderTargetView **ppRTView//rendertarget
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView ); BackBuffer->Release();
Set the Render Targets( ID3D11DeviceContext::OMSetRenderTargets() )
void OMSetRenderTargets(
[in] UINT NumViews,//需要绑定的View 数目 我们只有一个
[in] ID3D11RenderTargetView *const **ppRenderTargetViews,//需要绑定的view
[in] ID3D11DepthStencilView *pDepthStencilView//深度模板 没有设NULL
);Clean Up
释放所有我们创建的com objects
void ReleaseObjects()
{
//Release the COM Objects we created
SwapChain->Release();
d3d11Device->Release();
d3dDevCon->Release();
}
Initialize Scene
初始化场景bool InitScene()
{
return true;
}
Update Scene
更新场景，如改变objects 位置，改变值，场景内的任何改变，本节只改变背景颜色
1 void UpdateScene()
2 {
3 //Update the colors of our scene
4 red += colormodr * 0.00005f;
5 green += colormodg * 0.00002f;
6 blue += colormodb * 0.00001f;
7
8 if(red >= 1.0f || red <= 0.0f)
9 colormodr *= -1;
10 if(green >= 1.0f || green <= 0.0f)
11 colormodg *= -1;
12 if(blue >= 1.0f || blue <= 0.0f)
13 colormodb *= -1;
14 }
Render Scene
DrawScene() render 我们的场景，该函数只渲染场景不更新场景 交换前后缓冲区，掉present会将back buffer 渲染到屏幕
1 void DrawScene()
2 {
3 //Clear our backbuffer to the updated color
4 D3DXCOLOR bgColor( red, green, blue, 1.0f );
5
6 d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor);
7
8 //Present the backbuffer to the screen
9 SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
10 }
messageloop()方法，先调用UpdateScene() 更新场景，然后然后掉DrawScene()把backbuffer渲染到屏幕
1 int messageloop(){
2 MSG msg;
3 ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
4 while(true)
5 {
6 BOOL PeekMessageL(
7 LPMSG lpMsg,
8 HWND hWnd,
9 UINT wMsgFilterMin,
10 UINT wMsgFilterMax,
11 UINT wRemoveMsg
12 );
13
14 if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
15 {
16 if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
17 break;
18 TranslateMessage(&msg);
19 DispatchMessage(&msg);
20 }
21 else{
22 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
23 // run game code
24
25 UpdateScene();
26 DrawScene();
27
28 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
29 }
30 }
31 return msg.wParam;
32 }
Error Checking:
DXGetErrorDescription 这个没找到
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
HRESULT hr;
//Describe our Buffer
DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
bufferDesc.Width = Width;
bufferDesc.Height = Height;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//Describe our SwapChain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
//Create our SwapChain
hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//MessageBoxW(NULL, DXGetErrorDescription(hr),
//TEXT(" D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain"), MB_OK);
return 0;
}
//Create our BackBuffer
ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//MessageBoxW(NULL, DXGetErrorDescription(hr),
//TEXT("SwapChain->GetBuffer"), MB_OK);
return 0;
}
//Create our Render Target
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView );
BackBuffer->Release();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//MessageBoxW(NULL, DXGetErrorDescription(hr),
//TEXT("d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView"), MB_OK);
return 0;
}
//Set our Render Target
d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL );
return true;
}
1 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
2
3 #include <windows.h>
4 #include <d3d11.h>
5 #include <d3dx11.h>
6 #include <d3dx10.h>
7 #include <xnamath.h>
8
9 //Global Declarations//
10 IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
11 ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
12 ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
13 ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
14
15 float red = 0.0f;
16 float green = 0.0f;
17 float blue = 0.0f;
18 int colormodr = 1;
19 int colormodg = 1;
20 int colormodb = 1;
21
22 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
23
24 LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow";
25 HWND hwnd = NULL;
26
27 const int Width = 300;
28 const int Height = 300;
29
30 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
31
32 //Function Prototypes//
33 bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
34 void ReleaseObjects();
35 bool InitScene();
36 void UpdateScene();
37 void DrawScene();
38
39 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
40
41 bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
42 int ShowWnd,
43 int width, int height,
44 bool windowed);
45 int messageloop();
46
47 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,
48 UINT msg,
49 WPARAM wParam,
50 LPARAM lParam);
51
52
53 int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, //Main windows function
54 HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
55 LPSTR lpCmdLine,
56 int nShowCmd)
57 {
58
59 if(!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true))
60 {
61 MessageBox(0, L"Window Initialization - Failed",
62 L"Error", MB_OK);
63 return 0;
64 }
65
66 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
67
68 if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) //Initialize Direct3D
69 {
70 MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed",
71 L"Error", MB_OK);
72 return 0;
73 }
74
75 if(!InitScene()) //Initialize our scene
76 {
77 MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed",
78 L"Error", MB_OK);
79 return 0;
80 }
81
82 messageloop();
83
84 ReleaseObjects();
85
86 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
87
88 return 0;
89 }
90
91 bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance,
92 int ShowWnd,
93 int width, int height,
94 bool windowed)
95 {
96 typedef struct _WNDCLASS {
97 UINT cbSize;
98 UINT style;
99 WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
100 int cbClsExtra;
101 int cbWndExtra;
102 HANDLE hInstance;
103 HICON hIcon;
104 HCURSOR hCursor;
105 HBRUSH hbrBackground;
106 LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
107 LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
108 } WNDCLASS;
109
110 WNDCLASSEX wc;
111
112 wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
113 wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
114 wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
115 wc.cbClsExtra = NULL;
116 wc.cbWndExtra = NULL;
117 wc.hInstance = hInstance;
118 wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
119 wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
120 wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2);
121 wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
122 wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName;
123 wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
124
125 if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
126 {
127 MessageBox(NULL, L"Error registering class",
128 L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
129 return 1;
130 }
131
132 hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
133 NULL,
134 WndClassName,
135 L"Window Title",
136 WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
137 CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
138 width, height,
139 NULL,
140 NULL,
141 hInstance,
142 NULL
143 );
144
145 if (!hwnd)
146 {
147 MessageBox(NULL, L"Error creating window",
148 L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
149 return 1;
150 }
151
152 ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd);
153 UpdateWindow(hwnd);
154
155 return true;
156 }
157
158 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
159
160 bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
161 {
162 //Describe our Buffer
163 DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
164
165 ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
166
167 bufferDesc.Width = Width;
168 bufferDesc.Height = Height;
169 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
170 bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
171 bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
172 bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
173 bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
174
175 //Describe our SwapChain
176 DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
177
178 ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
179
180 swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
181 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
182 swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
183 swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
184 swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
185 swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
186 swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
187 swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
188
189
190 //Create our SwapChain
191 D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
192 D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
193
194 //Create our BackBuffer
195 ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
196 SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer );
197
198 //Create our Render Target
199 d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView );
200 BackBuffer->Release();
201
202 //Set our Render Target
203 d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, NULL );
204
205 return true;
206 }
207
208 void ReleaseObjects()
209 {
210 //Release the COM Objects we created
211 SwapChain->Release();
212 d3d11Device->Release();
213 d3d11DevCon->Release();
214 }
215 bool InitScene()
216 {
217
218 return true;
219 }
220
221 void UpdateScene()
222 {
223 //Update the colors of our scene
224 red += colormodr * 0.00005f;
225 green += colormodg * 0.00002f;
226 blue += colormodb * 0.00001f;
227
228 if(red >= 1.0f || red <= 0.0f)
229 colormodr *= -1;
230 if(green >= 1.0f || green <= 0.0f)
231 colormodg *= -1;
232 if(blue >= 1.0f || blue <= 0.0f)
233 colormodb *= -1;
234 }
235
236 void DrawScene()
237 {
238 //Clear our backbuffer to the updated color
239 D3DXCOLOR bgColor( red, green, blue, 1.0f );
240
241 d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor);
242
243 //Present the backbuffer to the screen
244 SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
245 }
246
247 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
248
249 int messageloop(){
250 MSG msg;
251 ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
252 while(true)
253 {
254 BOOL PeekMessageL(
255 LPMSG lpMsg,
256 HWND hWnd,
257 UINT wMsgFilterMin,
258 UINT wMsgFilterMax,
259 UINT wRemoveMsg
260 );
261
262 if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
263 {
264 if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
265 break;
266 TranslateMessage(&msg);
267 DispatchMessage(&msg);
268 }
269 else{
270 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
271 // run game code
272
273 UpdateScene();
274 DrawScene();
275
276 ///////////////**************new**************////////////////////
277 }
278 }
279 return msg.wParam;
280 }
281
282 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,
283 UINT msg,
284 WPARAM wParam,
285 LPARAM lParam)
286 {
287 switch( msg )
288 {
289 case WM_KEYDOWN:
290 if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ){
291 DestroyWindow(hwnd);
292 }
293 return 0;
294
295 case WM_DESTROY:
296 PostQuitMessage(0);
297 return 0;
298 }
299 return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
300 msg,
301 wParam,
302 lParam);
303 }
工程设置如下：
时间： 2024-08-27 22:36:18