C puzzles详解【6-8题】

第六题

  #include<stdio.h>
  int main()
  {
          int a=10;
          switch(a)
          {
                  case ‘1‘:
                      printf("ONE\n");
                      break;
                  case ‘2‘:
                      printf("TWO\n");
                      break;
                  defa1ut:
                      printf("NONE\n");
          }
          return 0;
  }

题目讲解:

“defalut”拼写错误。

注意a为int型,case后的’1’,’2’为char型。

第七题

The following C program segfaults of IA-64, but works fine on IA-32.

int main()
  {
      int* p;
      p = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
      *p = 10;
      return 0;
  }

知识点讲解:

IA-64和IA-32属于完全不同的处理器架构,两者的指令集不相互兼容。

http://wangcong.org/blog/archives/291的解释为“IA-64是RISC,不能访问未对齐的地址”,不太明白。

第八题

Here is a small piece of program(again just 14 lines of program) which counts the number of bits set in a number.
Input     Output
0     0(0000000)
5     2(0000101)
7     3(0000111) 

int CountBits (unsigned int x )
  {
      static unsigned int mask[] = { 0x55555555,
          0x33333333,
          0x0F0F0F0F,
          0x00FF00FF,
          0x0000FFFF
          } ;

          int i ;
          int shift ; /* Number of positions to shift to right*/
          for ( i =0, shift =1; i < 5; i ++, shift *= 2)
                  x = (x & mask[i ])+ ( ( x >> shift) & mask[i]);
          return x;
  }
Find out the logic used in the above program.

题目讲解:

计算一个int型参数二进制模式中1的个数。传统的算法要经过32次循环,

此算法最多只需5次。

以x = 1234为例,

1234的二进制表示为:

0000 0100 1101 0010

第一步:相邻2位相加

0000 0100 1101 0010 ---> 0000 0100 1001 0001

第二步:相邻4位相加

0000 0100 1001 0001 ---> 0000 0001 0011 0001

第三步:相邻8位相加

0000 0001 0011 0001 ---> 0000 0001 0000 0100

第四步:相邻16位相加

0000 0001 0000 0100 ---> 0000 0000 0000 0101

第五步:相邻32位相加

无需继续计算。

结果为5。

至于这么做为什么恰巧得到的是1的个数,不解。

时间: 2024-12-17 05:25:04

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