简介:
当点击页面的锚点时会跳转到指定id的元素,而实际表现的是滚动条滚动使指定id元素对齐滚动条所处元素的【顶端】。如果当页面上方出现fixed定位时,将会出现锚点定位不准确的情况。
1、问题重现
当使用锚点时,页面上方存在fixed定位,将会出现如下情况(点击“目录二”对应跳转“内容二”的锚点):
代码如下:
XHTML
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 |
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title></title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { padding-bottom: 1000px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; } .header { background-color: #000; opacity: .5; filter:alpha(opacity=50); height: 80px; width: 100%; position: fixed; z-index: 999; top: 0; } .section { margin-top: 100px; } ul { position: fixed; right: 40px; top: 100px; } ul li { margin-top: 10px; } ul li a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .container { width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } .test { margin-top: 50px; } .test h2 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; } .test .box { width: 600px; height: 200px; background-color: #F46465; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"></div> <div class="section"> <ul> <li><a href="#test1">目录一</a></li> <li><a href="#test2">目录二</a></li> <li><a href="#test3">目录三</a></li> <li><a href="#test4">目录四</a></li> </ul> <div class="container"> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test1">一、内容一</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test2">二、内容二</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test3">三、内容三</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test4">四、内容四</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> |
2、巧妙运用margin跟padding解决问题
2.1、尝试给“内容*”添加外边距 ==> margin-top:80px
2.1.1、效果如下(没有变化):
2.1.2、代码如下:
XHTML
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 |
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title></title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { padding-bottom: 1000px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; } .header { background-color: #000; opacity: .5; filter:alpha(opacity=50); height: 80px; width: 100%; position: fixed; z-index: 999; top: 0; } .section { margin-top: 100px; } ul { position: fixed; right: 40px; top: 100px; } ul li { margin-top: 10px; } ul li a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .container { width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } .test { margin-top: 50px; } .test h2 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; margin-top: 80px; } .test .box { width: 600px; height: 200px; background-color: #F46465; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"></div> <div class="section"> <ul> <li><a href="#test1">目录一</a></li> <li><a href="#test2">目录二</a></li> <li><a href="#test3">目录三</a></li> <li><a href="#test4">目录四</a></li> </ul> <div class="container"> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test1">一、内容一</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test2">二、内容二</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test3">三、内容三</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test4">四、内容四</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> |
2.1.3、结论:锚点定位跟外边距没有关系。
2.2、尝试给“内容*”添加内边距 ==> padding-top:80px
2.2.1、效果如下(虽然锚点定位准了但是却多出来内边距部分):
2.2.2、代码如下:
XHTML
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 |
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title></title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { padding-bottom: 1000px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; } .header { background-color: #000; opacity: .5; filter:alpha(opacity=50); height: 80px; width: 100%; position: fixed; z-index: 999; top: 0; } .section { margin-top: 100px; } ul { position: fixed; right: 40px; top: 100px; } ul li { margin-top: 10px; } ul li a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .container { width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } .test { margin-top: 50px; } .test h2 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; padding-top: 80px; } .test .box { width: 600px; height: 200px; background-color: #F46465; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"></div> <div class="section"> <ul> <li><a href="#test1">目录一</a></li> <li><a href="#test2">目录二</a></li> <li><a href="#test3">目录三</a></li> <li><a href="#test4">目录四</a></li> </ul> <div class="container"> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test1">一、内容一</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test2">二、内容二</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test3">三、内容三</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test4">四、内容四</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> |
2.2.3、结论:锚点定位跟内边距有关。
2.3、margin跟padding结合:锚点定位跟内边距有关并且与外边距无关。若单纯给内容添加内边距会影响到我们的页面。
所以我们给“内容*”加上padding-top:80px;margin-top:-80px;即解决我们的问题。
2.3.1、效果如下:
2.2.2、代码如下:
XHTML
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 |
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <title></title> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style> * { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { padding-bottom: 1000px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; } .header { background-color: #000; opacity: .5; filter: alpha(opacity=50); height: 80px; width: 100%; position: fixed; z-index: 999; top: 0; } .section { margin-top: 100px; } ul { position: fixed; right: 40px; top: 100px; } ul li { margin-top: 10px; } ul li a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .container { width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } .test { margin-top: 50px; } .test h2 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; padding-top: 80px; margin-top: -80px; } .test .box { width: 600px; height: 200px; background-color: #F46465; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="header"></div> <div class="section"> <ul> <li><a href="#test1">目录一</a></li> <li><a href="#test2">目录二</a></li> <li><a href="#test3">目录三</a></li> <li><a href="#test4">目录四</a></li> </ul> <div class="container"> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test1">一、内容一</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test2">二、内容二</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test3">三、内容三</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> <div class="test"> <h2 id="test4">四、内容四</h2> <div class="box"></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> |