Git学习笔记
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Git安装
1. Yum安装git
yum install git –y
yum install -y git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-cvs
其中git-svn git-cvs 是支持svn cvs协同工作时需要(可选择)
2. 开启git命令补齐功能（不过我测试不加这个也可以补齐）
. /etc/bash_completion.d/git 或者source /etc/bash_completion.d/git
#运行此命令后即可在服务器上使用git的命令补齐功能。为了能够在终端开启时自动加载bash_completion脚本，需要在系统配置文件/etc/profile及本地配置文件~/.bashrc 中添加下面的内容。
#add git
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion.d/git ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion.d/git
fi
当然这里/etc/bash_completion.d/git的git脚本也可以复制源文件替换，
cp /usr/share/doc/git-1.7.1/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/
然后把文件中涉及到的git替换成git-completion.bash即可
参考: http://git-scm.com/download/linux
编译安装
编译安装需要安装一些git需要的库
yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc* \
perl perl-devel texinfo xmlto -y
为了能够添加更多格式的文档(如 doc,html,info) 需要安装所依赖的包
yum install asciidoc xmlto -y
docbook2x 这个库需要额外安装
wget http://centos.karan.org/el5/extras/testing/i386/RPMS/docbook2X-0.8.8-1.el5.kb.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh docbook2X-0.8.8-1.el5.kb.i386.rpm –nodeps
cd /usr/bin/
ln -s db2x_docbook2texi docbook2x-texi
ll docbook2x-texi
获取源码包：
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
https://github.com/git/git/releases
通常在 GitHub 上的是最新版本，但 kernel.org 上包含有文件下载签名，如果你想验证下载正确性的话会用到。
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.5.0.tar.gz
tar xvf git-2.5.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[[email protected] git-2.5.0]# less INSTALL
Git installation
Normally you can just do "make" followed by "make install", and that
will install the git programs in your own ~/bin/ directory. If you want
to do a global install, you can do
$ make prefix=/usr all doc info ;# as yourself
# make prefix=/usr install install-doc install-html install-info ;# as root
(or prefix=/usr/local, of course). Just like any program suite
that uses $prefix, the built results have some paths encoded,
which are derived from $prefix, so "make all; make prefix=/usr
install" would not work.
The beginning of the Makefile documents many variables that affect the way
git is built. You can override them either from the command line, or in a
config.mak file.
Alternatively you can use autoconf generated ./configure script to
set up install paths (via config.mak.autogen), so you can write instead
$ make configure ;# as yourself
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr ;# as yourself
$ make all doc ;# as yourself
# make install install-doc install-html;# as root
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[[email protected] git-2.5.0]# make configure
GIT_VERSION = 2.5.0
GEN configure
[[email protected] git-2.5.0]# ./configure –help # 查看安装的参数
[[email protected] git-2.5.0]# ./configure --prefix=/application/git
[[email protected] git-2.5.0]# make all doc info
[[email protected] git-2.5.0]# make install install-doc install-html install-info
.................................................................................................................................
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.5.0/Documentation‘
make -C Documentation install-info
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.5.0/Documentation‘
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.5.0‘
make[2]: `GIT-VERSION-FILE‘ is up to date.
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.5.0‘
install -d -m 755 /application/git/share/info
install -m 644 git.info gitman.info /application/git/share/info
if test -r /application/git/share/info/dir; then \
install-info --info-dir=/application/git/share/info git.info ;\
install-info --info-dir=/application/git/share/info gitman.info ;\
else \
echo "No directory found in /application/git/share/info" >&2 ; \
fi
No directory found in /application/git/share/info
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.5.0/Documentation‘
man git 查看git命令的使用说明
[[email protected] ~]# man git
GIT(1) Git Manual GIT(1)
NAME
git - the stupid content tracker
SYNOPSIS
git [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path]
[-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]
[--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
[--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
DESCRIPTION
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both
high-level operations and full access to internals.
See gittutorial(7) to get started, then see Everyday Git[1] for a useful minimum set of commands, and "man
git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may also want to read gitcvs-migration(7). See the Git
User’s Manual[2] for a more in-depth introduction.
The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias as defined in the configuration file (see git-
config(1)).
Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation can be viewed at
http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/. #man git的在线说明文档
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备注：编译的时候可能会遇到错误，如果遇到以下故障
make的时候出错大都和依赖包有问题，如果安装的了相应的依赖包，编译起来很方便
错误一
/bin/sh: line 1: xmlto: command not found
make[1]: *** [git-add.1] Error 127
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-1.7.12.3/Documentation‘
make: *** [install-doc] Error 2
依赖包的问题
yum install -y xmlto
错误二
/bin/sh: line 1: docbook2x-texi: command not found
make[1]: *** [user-manual.texi] Error 127
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-1.7.12.3/Documentation‘
make: *** [install-info] Error 2
git完整安装需要asciidoc,docbook2X
yum install -y openjade texinfo perl-XML-SAX
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://centos.karan.org/el5/extras/testing/i386/RPMS/docbook2X-0.8.8-1.el5.kb.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh docbook2X-0.8.8-1.el5.kb.i386.rpm --nodeps
cd /usr/bin
ln -s db2x_docbook2texi docbook2x-texi