一、DHCP的简介
1、软件包:dhcp
2、服务名:dhcpd(主程序)、dhcrelay(中继服务)
3、端口:udp 67 udp 68
4、配置文件:
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay 中继配置文件
/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample 主配置文件模板
5、常见配置选项:
ddns-update-style interim; //设置dhcp互动更新模式
ignore client-updates; //忽略客户端更新
subnet 192.168.12.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //设置子网申明
# --- default gateway
option routers 192.168.12.1; //设置客户端默认网关
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; //设置客户端子网掩码
option nis-domain "ixdba.net "; //设置NIS域
option domain-name " ixdba.net "; //设置DNS域
option domain-name-servers 192.168.12.1; //设置DNS服务器地址
option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time //设置时间偏差
# option ntp-servers 192.168.12.1; //设置时间服务器
# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.12.1; //设置netbios服务器地址
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don‘t change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
# option netbios-node-type 2;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.254; //设置地址池
default-lease-time 21600; //设置默认租期,单位为秒
max-lease-time 43200; //设置客户端最长租期,单位为秒
# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
host ns { //设置保留地址
server-name marvin.RedHat.com; //分配地址的服务器名
hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD; //被保留地址的机器的MAC
fixed-address 207.175.42.254; //分配的IP地址
}
}
二、实验过程:
一)搭建DHCP服务器:
服务器端:
1、yum -y install dhcp
2、由于dhcp刚安装完成时是没有配置文件的,必须从模板文件中拷贝一份
cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
3、vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 删除多余配置,保留一个subnet区域
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 23200;
}
4、service dhcpd restart
客户端:
1、将客户端的网卡获取IP的模式设置为自动获取
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
2、重启网络服务
service network restart
二)搭建DHCP中继服务:
服务器端:
1、yum -y install dhcp
2、cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
3、vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 23200;
}
subnet 200.200.200.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 200.200.200.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers 200.200.200.1;
range 200.200.200.10 200.200.200.100;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 23200;
}
4、service dhcpd restart
5、添加一条网关记录
route add default gw 192.168.1.2
中继端:
1、yum -y install dhcp
2、将内核参数配置文件设置为支持IP转发
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
ip.net.ipv4_forward 1
3、加载配置文件
sysctl -p
4、配置中继配置文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
INTERFACE = "eth0 eth1"
DHCPSERVER = "192.168.1.1"
5、开启中继服务
service dhcrelay start
客户端:
1、将客户端的网卡获取IP的模式设置为自动获取
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
2、重启网络服务
service network restart