Spring Boot提供了一种为Rest Controller文件编写单元测试的简便方法。在SpringJUnit4ClassRunner和MockMvc的帮助下,可以创建一个Web应用程序上下文来为Rest Controller文件编写单元测试。
单元测试应该写在src/test/java
目录下,用于编写测试的类路径资源应该放在src/test/resources
目录下。
对于编写单元测试,需要在构建配置文件中添加Spring Boot Starter Test依赖项,如下所示。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
XML
Gradle用户可以在build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。
testCompile(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test‘)
在编写测试用例之前,应该先构建RESTful Web服务。 有关构建RESTful Web服务的更多信息,请参阅本教程中给出的相同章节。
编写REST控制器的单元测试
在本节中,看看如何为REST控制器编写单元测试。
首先,需要创建用于通过使用MockMvc创建Web应用程序上下文的Abstract类文件,并定义mapToJson()
和mapFromJson()
方法以将Java对象转换为JSON字符串并将JSON字符串转换为Java对象。
package com.yiibai.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public abstract class AbstractTest {
protected MockMvc mvc;
@Autowired
WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
protected void setUp() {
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
}
protected String mapToJson(Object obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
}
protected <T> T mapFromJson(String json, Class<T> clazz)
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
return objectMapper.readValue(json, clazz);
}
}
Java
接下来,编写一个扩展AbstractTest
类的类文件,并为每个方法(如GET
,POST
,PUT
和DELETE
)编写单元测试。
下面给出了GET API测试用例的代码。 此API用于查看产品列表。
@Test
public void getProductsList() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(uri)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
Product[] productlist = super.mapFromJson(content, Product[].class);
assertTrue(productlist.length > 0);
}
Java
POST API测试用例的代码如下。 此API用于创建产品。
@Test
public void createProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
Product product = new Product();
product.setId("3");
product.setName("Ginger");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE).content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(201, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is created successfully");
}
Java
下面给出了PUT API测试用例的代码。 此API用于更新现有产品。
@Test
public void updateProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("Lemon");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE).content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is updated successsfully");
}
Java
Delete API测试用例的代码如下。 此API将删除现有产品。
@Test
public void deleteProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(uri)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is deleted successsfully");
}
Java
完整的控制器测试类文件代码如下 -
package com.yiibai.demo;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import com.yiibai.demo.model.Product;
public class ProductServiceControllerTest extends AbstractTest {
@Override
@Before
public void setUp() {
super.setUp();
}
@Test
public void getProductsList() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(uri)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
Product[] productlist = super.mapFromJson(content, Product[].class);
assertTrue(productlist.length > 0);
}
@Test
public void createProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products";
Product product = new Product();
product.setId("3");
product.setName("Ginger");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
.content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(201, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is created successfully");
}
@Test
public void updateProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
Product product = new Product();
product.setName("Lemon");
String inputJson = super.mapToJson(product);
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(uri)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
.content(inputJson)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is updated successsfully");
}
@Test
public void deleteProduct() throws Exception {
String uri = "/products/2";
MvcResult mvcResult = mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(uri)).andReturn();
int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
assertEquals(content, "Product is deleted successsfully");
}
}
Java
创建一个可执行的JAR文件,并使用下面给出的Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序 -
对于Maven,可以使用下面给出的命令 -
mvn clean install
Shell
现在,在控制台窗口中看到测试结果。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/borter/p/12423886.html