注：这里的服务是指Windows 服务。
市面上常见的安装一个服务的方法大概有这么几种：
- 用Process类调用sc.exe、Installutil.exe等外部工具进行安装。极不推荐，须知创建一个进程开销不小，并且依赖外部工具有损程序健壮性
- 使用TransactedInstaller和AssemblyInstaller安装类进行安装。不推荐，既然都用托管方法，何不用更好的方法呢
- 用ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper进行安装。这个我认为是托管方法中首选的方法，事实上它就是对上述两个安装类的封装。另外，Installutil.exe也是用的这个方法
此前我一直用的就是InstallHelper法，但最近需要安装一个服务时却遇到问题，就是承载该服务的程序文件（exe），同时又是个带用户界面的桌面程序，它通过传入main方法的参数决定是以服务运行，还是以桌面程序运行（这里不讨论为什么不把服务和桌面程序分成两个exe。另外有关如何让一个exe即是服务又是桌面程序的问题，请参看园子里其它猿友的文章，或者有闲心我也会写一篇），这就需要安装该服务时，给映像文件路径带上参数，但InstallHelper不支持带参数，勉强带上参数的话，不是报文件不存在，就是报路径不能有非法字符。看了InstallHelper的源码，发现它会把路径和参数整个套进一对双引号，这样在传递给更底层的安装方法时，底层方法会将该字串视为一个路径，自然不是一个合法的路径。但要我去用sc.exe，那是一万个不愿意，伦家可是一个有追求的码屌好不好。所以好好研究了一下InstallHelper的实现，大概套路是这样：
为exe所属程序集创建AssemblyInstaller，AssemblyInstaller会负责创建程序集中所有标记有RunInstallerAttribute特性的类的实例，并将它们加入一个installer集合，最后由TransactedInstaller埃个执行这些installer，实际上就是各个installer实例执行各自的Install方法。对于服务（ServiceBase类）来说，用VS添加安装程序后，便会自动生成一个叫ProjectInstaller的类，这个类就标有RunInstallerAttribute特性。ProjectInstaller类本身会携带两个installer实例，分别属于ServiceProcessInstaller和ServiceInstaller类，ProjectInstaller得到执行的时候会把这俩实例也加入上述installer集合，所以最终执行的是这俩实例的Install方法。其中ServiceProcessInstaller的Install并不真正执行啥玩意儿，它只是携带一些信息（比如运行服务的帐户），供ServiceInstaller的Install取用，真正执行安装服务这个事的是ServiceInstaller的Install方法。
——然而上面这段话并没有什么卵用，不懂的童鞋还得自己看源码推敲才能弄懂。记住一点就好，服务的安装是System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller的Install方法起作用，上面一堆XXXInstaller都是浮云。而ServiceInstaller.Install内部正是调用CreateService这个系统API来执行服务的安装。所以归根结底，溯本追源，CreateService才是正宗，当然它内部是啥玩意儿就不知道了。题外，一个exe中多个服务时，ServiceProcessInstaller须只有一个，而ServiceInstaller则是每个服务对应一个，看名字就知道，前者与服务承载进程有关，大家都在一个exe里，当然要共用进程设置，后者则是存储每个服务的设置，自然要一一对应。
回到正题，弄清InstallHelper最终是调用CreateService后，直接看后者支不支持带参数安装就行了，答案显然是支持的（该API文档在此），遂写了个基于API的操作类，问题解决。
该操作类目前仅提供Install和Uninstall俩方法，用以替代InstallHelper，至于对服务的其它操作（启动/停止等），System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController类已经完备的实现，时间仓促，无暇造轮，后面有闲心再说。
方案源码：
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace AhDung
{
#region 异常定义
/// <summary>
/// 服务不存在异常
/// </summary>
public class ServiceNotExistException : ApplicationException
{
public ServiceNotExistException() : base("服务不存在！") { }
public ServiceNotExistException(string message) : base(message) { }
}
#endregion
#region 枚举定义
/// <summary>
/// 服务启动类型
/// </summary>
public enum ServiceStartType
{
Boot,
System,
Auto,
Manual,
Disabled
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务运行帐户
/// </summary>
public enum ServiceAccount
{
LocalSystem,
LocalService,
NetworkService,
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Windows 服务辅助类
/// </summary>
public static class ServiceHelper
{
#region 公开方法
/// <summary>
/// 安装服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param>
/// <param name="displayName">友好名称</param>
/// <param name="binaryFilePath">映像文件路径，可带参数</param>
/// <param name="description">服务描述</param>
/// <param name="startType">启动类型</param>
/// <param name="account">启动账户</param>
/// <param name="dependencies">依赖服务</param>
public static void Install(string serviceName, string displayName, string binaryFilePath, string description, ServiceStartType startType, ServiceAccount account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem, string[] dependencies = null)
{
IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager();
IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
service = Win32Class.CreateService(scm, serviceName, displayName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, Win32Class.SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, startType, Win32Class.SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, binaryFilePath, null, IntPtr.Zero, ProcessDependencies(dependencies), GetServiceAccountName(account), null);
if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
{
if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() == 0x431)//ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS
{ throw new ApplicationException("服务已存在！"); }
throw new ApplicationException("服务安装失败！");
}
//设置服务描述
Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION sd = new Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION();
try
{
sd.description = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(description);
Win32Class.ChangeServiceConfig2(service, 1, ref sd);
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(sd.description); //释放
}
}
finally
{
if (service != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service);
}
Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 卸载服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param>
public static void Uninstall(string serviceName)
{
IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
service = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle);
StopService(service); //停止服务。里面会递归停止从属服务
if (!Win32Class.DeleteService(service) && Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0x430) //忽略已标记为删除的服务。ERROR_SERVICE_MARKED_FOR_DELETE
{
throw new ApplicationException("删除服务失败！");
}
}
catch (ServiceNotExistException) { } //忽略服务不存在的情况
finally
{
if (service != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service);
Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);//放if里面是因为如果服务打开失败，在OpenService里就已释放SCM
}
}
}
#endregion
#region 辅助方法
/// <summary>
/// 转换帐户枚举为有效参数
/// </summary>
private static string GetServiceAccountName(ServiceAccount account)
{
if (account == ServiceAccount.LocalService)
{
return @"NT AUTHORITY\LocalService";
}
if (account == ServiceAccount.NetworkService)
{
return @"NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService";
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 处理依赖服务参数
/// </summary>
private static string ProcessDependencies(string[] dependencies)
{
if (dependencies == null || dependencies.Length == 0)
{
return null;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (string s in dependencies)
{
sb.Append(s).Append(‘\0‘);
}
sb.Append(‘\0‘);
return sb.ToString();
}
#endregion
#region API 封装方法
/// <summary>
/// 打开服务管理器
/// </summary>
private static IntPtr OpenSCManager()
{
IntPtr scm = Win32Class.OpenSCManager(null, null, Win32Class.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (scm == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new ApplicationException("打开服务管理器失败！");
}
return scm;
}
/// <summary>
/// 打开服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>
/// <param name="scmHandle">服务管理器句柄。供调用者释放</param>
private static IntPtr OpenService(string serviceName, out IntPtr scmHandle)
{
scmHandle = OpenSCManager();
IntPtr service = Win32Class.OpenService(scmHandle, serviceName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (service == IntPtr.Zero)
{
int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM
if (errCode == 0x424) //ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST
{
throw new ServiceNotExistException();
}
throw new Win32Exception();
}
return service;
}
/// <summary>
/// 停止服务
/// </summary>
private static void StopService(IntPtr service)
{
ServiceState currState = GetServiceStatus(service);
if (currState == ServiceState.Stopped)
{
return;
}
if (currState != ServiceState.StopPending)
{
//递归停止从属服务
string[] childSvs = EnumDependentServices(service, EnumServiceState.Active);
if (childSvs.Length != 0)
{
IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager();
try
{
foreach (string childSv in childSvs)
{
StopService(Win32Class.OpenService(scm, childSv, Win32Class.SERVICE_STOP));
}
}
finally
{
Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm);
}
}
Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS();
Win32Class.ControlService(service, Win32Class.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ref status); //发送停止指令
}
if (!WaitForStatus(service, ServiceState.Stopped, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30)))
{
throw new ApplicationException("停止服务失败！");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 遍历从属服务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceHandle"></param>
/// <param name="state">选择性遍历（活动、非活动、全部）</param>
private static string[] EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState state)
{
int bytesNeeded = 0; //存放从属服务的空间大小，由API返回
int numEnumerated = 0; //从属服务数，由API返回
//先尝试以空结构获取，如获取成功说明从属服务为空，否则拿到上述俩值
if (Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated))
{
return new string[0];
}
if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0xEA) //仅当错误值不是大小不够(ERROR_MORE_DATA)时才抛异常
{
throw new Win32Exception();
}
//在非托管区域创建指针
IntPtr structsStart = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(bytesNeeded));
try
{
//往上述指针处塞存放从属服务的结构组，每个从属服务是一个结构
if (!Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, structsStart, bytesNeeded, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated))
{
throw new Win32Exception();
}
string[] dependentServices = new string[numEnumerated];
int sizeOfStruct = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS)); //每个结构的大小
long structsStartAsInt64 = structsStart.ToInt64();
for (int i = 0; i < numEnumerated; i++)
{
Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS structure = new Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS();
IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(structsStartAsInt64 + i * sizeOfStruct); //根据起始指针、结构次序和结构大小推算各结构起始指针
Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, structure); //根据指针拿到结构
dependentServices[i] = structure.serviceName; //从结构中拿到服务名
}
return dependentServices;
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(structsStart);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取服务状态
/// </summary>
private static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr service)
{
Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS();
if (!Win32Class.QueryServiceStatus(service, ref status))
{
throw new ApplicationException("获取服务状态出错！");
}
return status.currentState;
}
/// <summary>
/// 等候服务至目标状态
/// </summary>
private static bool WaitForStatus(IntPtr serviceHandle, ServiceState desiredStatus, TimeSpan timeout)
{
DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;
while (GetServiceStatus(serviceHandle) != desiredStatus)
{
if (DateTime.Now - startTime > timeout) { return false; }
Thread.Sleep(200);
}
return true;
}
#endregion
#region 嵌套类
/// <summary>
/// Win32 API相关
/// </summary>
private static class Win32Class
{
#region 常量定义
/// <summary>
/// 打开服务管理器时请求的权限：全部
/// </summary>
public const int SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF003F;
/// <summary>
/// 服务类型：自有进程类服务
/// </summary>
public const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x10;
/// <summary>
/// 打开服务时请求的权限：全部
/// </summary>
public const int SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF01FF;
/// <summary>
/// 打开服务时请求的权限：停止
/// </summary>
public const int SERVICE_STOP = 0x20;
/// <summary>
/// 服务操作标记：停止
/// </summary>
public const int SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP = 0x1;
/// <summary>
/// 服务出错行为标记
/// </summary>
public const int SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL = 0x1;
#endregion
#region API所需类和结构定义
/// <summary>
/// 服务状态结构体
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SERVICE_STATUS
{
public int serviceType;
public ServiceState currentState;
public int controlsAccepted;
public int win32ExitCode;
public int serviceSpecificExitCode;
public int checkPoint;
public int waitHint;
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务描述结构体
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public struct SERVICE_DESCRIPTION
{
public IntPtr description;
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务状态结构体。遍历API会用到
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public class ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS
{
public string serviceName;
public string displayName;
public int serviceType;
public int currentState;
public int controlsAccepted;
public int win32ExitCode;
public int serviceSpecificExitCode;
public int checkPoint;
public int waitHint;
}
#endregion
#region API定义
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2(IntPtr serviceHandle, uint infoLevel, ref SERVICE_DESCRIPTION serviceDesc);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string machineName, string databaseName, int dwDesiredAccess);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, int dwDesiredAccess);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, int dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceStartType dwStartType, int dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lpServiceStartName, string lpPassword);
[ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success), DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool DeleteService(IntPtr serviceHandle);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool ControlService(IntPtr hService, int dwControl, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState serviceState, IntPtr bufferOfENUM_SERVICE_STATUS, int bufSize, ref int bytesNeeded, ref int numEnumerated);
#endregion
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 服务状态枚举。用于遍历从属服务API
/// </summary>
private enum EnumServiceState
{
Active = 1,
//InActive = 2,
//All = 3
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务状态
/// </summary>
private enum ServiceState
{
Stopped = 1,
//StartPending = 2,
StopPending = 3,
//Running = 4,
//ContinuePending = 5,
//PausePending = 6,
//Paused = 7
}
}
}
ServiceHelper.cs
使用示例：
//安装
ServiceHelper.Install(
"test", // 服务名
"Test Sv", // 显示名称
@"""C:\新建 文件夹\test.exe"" /s", // 映像路径，可带参数，若路径有空格，需给路径（不含参数）套上双引号
"描述描述描述", // 服务描述
ServiceStartType.Auto, // 启动类型
ServiceAccount.LocalService, // 运行帐户
new[] { "AudioSrv", "WebClient" } // 依赖服务
);
//卸载
ServiceHelper.Uninstall("test");
最后通过一张图说明一下服务的各个概念：
-文毕-
时间： 2024-10-01 04:25:36