十二周二次课（3月13日）

十二周二次课（3月13日）
12.6 Nginx安装

• cd /usr/local/src
• wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
• tar zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
• cd nginx-1.12.1
• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
• make && make install

安装完成

编辑配置文件及启动脚本

vim /etc/init.d/nginx   复制如下内容。来源https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinuxbook/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() 
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() 
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

• chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
• chkconfig --add nginx
• chkconfig nginx on
• cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
• mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
• vim nginx.conf   写入如下内容。来源https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm 
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ .php$ 
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
} 
}
}

• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查是否有语法错误
• /etc/init.d/nginx start //启动nginx服务
• netstat -lntp |grep 80 //查看监听80端口状态

测试php

vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php //加入如下内容
<?php
echo "test php scripts.";
?>
curl localhost/1.php //测试能否解析php

12.7 默认虚拟主机

• mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost //创建虚拟主机目录
• cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
• vim default.conf //加入如下内容
  server
  {
  listen 80 default_server; #有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机
  server_name aaa.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /data/wwwroot/default;
  }
• mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
• echo “This is a default site.”>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重新加载nginx

支持include语法

12.8 Nginx用户认证

• vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf #写入如下内容
  server
  {
  listen 80;
  server_name test.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

  location /            #用户认证相关配置
  {
  auth_basic "Auth";
  auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
  }
  }

创建密码文件

• yum install -y httpd #安装apache,如果没有,有可跳过该步
• /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd Auth_user #指定用户认证的用户名

• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重新加载nginx
• mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
• echo “test.com”>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html

测试

通过curl测试
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I #状态码为401说明需要验证
curl -uAuth_user:123 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I #访问状态码变为200

针对目录的用户认证
location /admin/
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}

针对某个页面的用户认证
location ~ admin.php
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; 
}

12.9 Nginx域名重定向

• 编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf为如下内容:
  server
  {
  listen 80;
  server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
  if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
  rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
  }
  }

测试

扩展
nginx.conf 配置详解  http://www.ha97.com/5194.html 
http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880 
nginx rewrite四种flag  http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html 
http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/4375471/2086296