系统架构是B/S,开发语言是C#、silverlight，开发平台是.NET，数据库为sqlserver，这是我读研究生时候自己做的作品，以自己的母校为地图，进行GIS相关的功能分析，核心的模块有：空间查询、GPS定位模拟、搜索模块、统计分析；其中说的不足之处，望各位指点出来。
一、空间查询 
整体思路：空间查询是用户在地图上框选一定范围，然后根据框选范围Geometry来进行query查询。框选利用Draw工具有多边形、矩形、圆线等方式。实现方式，前台界面设计：
<!--Toolbar工具栏-->
<Grid x:Name="ToolbarGrid" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="600" Height="0" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5">
<Grid.RenderTransform>
<ScaleTransform x:Name="ToolbarGridScaleTransform" ScaleX="0" ScaleY="0" />
</Grid.RenderTransform>
<StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">
<esriToolkit:Toolbar x:Name="MyToolbar" MaxItemHeight="40" MaxItemWidth="40"
VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
Loaded="MyToolbar_Loaded"
ToolbarItemClicked="MyToolbar_ToolbarItemClicked"
ToolbarIndexChanged="MyToolbar_ToolbarIndexChanged"
Width="600" Height="40">
<esriToolkit:Toolbar.Items>
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItemCollection>
<!--Zoom in-->
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem Text="放大">
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
<Image Source="Images/i_zoomin.png" Stretch="UniformToFill" Margin="3" />
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem>
<!--Zoom out-->
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem Text="缩小">
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
<Image Source="Images/i_zoomout.png" Stretch="UniformToFill" Margin="3" />
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem>
<!--PolygonQuery-->
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem Text="多边形查询">
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
<Image Source="Images/DrawPolygon.png" Stretch="UniformToFill" Margin="5"/>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem>
<!--Polyline-->
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem Text="线查询">
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
<Image Source="Images/DrawPolyline.png" Stretch="UniformToFill" Margin="5"/>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem>
<!--RectangleQuery-->
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem Text="矩形查询">
<esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
<Image Source="Images/DrawRectangle.png" Stretch="UniformToFill" Margin="5"/>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem.Content>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItem>
</esriToolkit:ToolbarItemCollection>
</esriToolkit:Toolbar.Items>
</esriToolkit:Toolbar>
<TextBlock x:Name="StatusTextBlock" FontWeight="Bold" HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
这里只讲空间查询部分，其他的距离量算、面积量算等具体见源代码。
后台代码实现：
public MainPageII() //构造函数初始化
{
//初始化MyDrawObject，draw工具
MyDrawObject = new Draw(MyMap)
{
FillSymbol = DefaultFillSymbol, //初始化默认的填充颜色
LineSymbol = DefaultLineSymbol //初始化默认的线颜色
};
MyDrawObject.DrawComplete += myDrawObject_DrawComplete; //draw完成触发函数，为了获取框选的范围geometry结果
MyDrawObject.DrawBegin += myDrawObject_DrawBegin; //draw之前触发函数，设置一些画之前的动作
}
private void myDrawObject_DrawBegin(object sender, EventArgs args)
{
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MapTipGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;//设置GraphicsLayer
graphicsLayer.ClearGraphics();//draw之前，清空所有的graphics
}
////////////////////////下面是实现工具栏的功能
private void myDrawObject_DrawComplete(object sender, DrawEventArgs args)
{
if (toolMode == "Rectangle_Query")//toolMode变量来判断是哪种模式框选，此处为矩形，其他框选模式原理是一样的，这里不再写出来
{
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MapTipGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Geometry.Envelope clickEnvelope = args.Geometry as Envelope;//获取几何范围geometry
//先判断一下是矢量地图还是遥感地图
if (rasterMap.IsChecked == true)
{
graphicsLayer.ClearGraphics();
}
else
{
graphicsLayer.ClearGraphics();
ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Graphic graphic = new ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Graphic() //定义框选出来的矩形样式颜色
{
Geometry = clickEnvelope,
Symbol = DefaultFillSymbol
};
graphicsLayer.Graphics.Add(graphic);//添加框选出来的图形显示在地图上
}
QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask("http://192.168.1.4/arcgis/rest/services/SWUMap/MapServer/9");//定义QueryTask
queryTask.ExecuteCompleted += QueryTask1_ExecuteCompleted; //query查询结果
queryTask.Failed += QueryTask_Failed;//query查询失败
Query query = new ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.Query(); //定义query对象
// Specify fields to return from query
query.OutFields.AddRange(new string[] { "ID", "NAME", "Area", "Length", "X", "Y", "ImagePath" });//设置query条件
//query.OutFields.Add("*");
query.Where = "1=1";
query.Geometry = args.Geometry;//几何条件
query.ReturnGeometry = true;
queryTask.ExecuteAsync(query);//执行query查询
Binding resultFeaturesBinding = new Binding("LastResult");/query查询结果值获取，绑定在datagrid表格用
resultFeaturesBinding.Source = queryTask;
Find_QueryDetailsDataGrid.SetBinding(DataGrid.ItemsSourceProperty, resultFeaturesBinding);//获取的查询结果值绑定在datagrid表格
ShowFindQueryWindow.Begin();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 显示选择元素颜色
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="args"></param>
private void QueryTask1_ExecuteCompleted(object sender, ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.QueryEventArgs args)
{
FeatureSet Query_featureSet = args.FeatureSet;//获取到查询结果集合
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MapTipGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
if (Query_featureSet == null || Query_featureSet.Features.Count < 1)
{
information.Text = "没有查询记录!";
ShowImageRoot.Begin();
return;
}
if (Query_featureSet != null && Query_featureSet.Features.Count > 0)
{
foreach (Graphic feature in Query_featureSet.Features)
{
//先判断一下是矢量地图还是遥感地图
if (rasterMap.IsChecked == true)
{
feature.Symbol = LayoutRoot.Resources["RemotePicture"] as ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Symbols.PictureMarkerSymbol;//定义符号颜色样式
feature.Geometry = new MapPoint(Convert.ToDouble(feature.Attributes["X"]), Convert.ToDouble(feature.Attributes["Y"]));
graphicsLayer.Graphics.Add(feature);
RemotePictureStoryboard.Begin();
}
else
{
feature.Symbol = LayoutRoot.Resources["ParcelSymbol"] as FillSymbol;//定义符号颜色样式
graphicsLayer.Graphics.Insert(0, feature);//查询结果的几何图形显示在地图上
}
}
}
}
二、搜索模块，主要包括路径搜索、关键字搜索、范围搜索
1、关键字搜索，就是普通的query查询，其实应该用locator地理编码服务来实现的，当时自己水平有限，没能使用。把所有兴趣的信息集合在一个图层里面，然后发布地图服务，这样用query查询方式可以达到跟locator一样的目的。
这里贴上核心后台代码好了，前台界面很简单就是一个文本框输入和按钮。
QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask("http://192.168.1.4/arcgis/rest/services/SWUMap/MapServer/9");//定义QueryTask
queryTask.ExecuteCompleted += QueryTask2_ExecuteCompleted; //query查询结果
Query query = new ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.Query(); //定义query对象
query.OutFields.AddRange(new string[] { "ID", "NAME", "Area", "Length", "X", "Y", "ImagePath" });//设置query条件
query.text =****;//文本框获取的文本值
query.ReturnGeometry = true;
queryTask.ExecuteAsync(query);//执行query查询
很类似框选查询的query，不过是设置条件换了，geometry换为text，查询结果一样是在 queryTask.ExecuteCompleted里面获取，获取到关键字查询的结果然后定位到其地理位置显示在地图上。
2、范围搜索，这里用buffer分析方式来实现的，利用buffer获取到几何范围geometry，然后再利用query方式来实现，这里很类似空间查询部分的框选查询，不同的是获取geometry方式不太一样，一个是draw，一个是buffer。
此处是用地图单击事件获取某点，然后利用某点为中心来buffer的，贴上buffer部分代码，后果query代码跟空间查询部分是一样的。
GeometryService _geometryService;
（1）初始化函数定义
_geometryService = new GeometryService("http://192.168.1.4/arcgis/rest/services/Geometry/GeometryServer");
_geometryService.BufferCompleted += GeometryService_BufferCompleted;
_geometryService.Failed += GeometryService_Failed;
（2） 地图单击事件函数
////先判断一下，输入条件是否为空
if (Buffertextbox.Text == "")
{ //MessageBox.Show("请您输入范围搜索条件!");
information.Text = "请您输入范围搜索条件!";
ShowImageRoot.Begin();
return;
}
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MapTipGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
graphicsLayer.ClearGraphics();
_geometryService.CancelAsync();
_queryTask.CancelAsync();
Graphic stop = new Graphic();
if (rasterMap.IsChecked == true)
{
stop.Symbol = RemotePicture1;
}
else
{
stop.Symbol = StopSymbol;
}
stop.Geometry = e.MapPoint;//获取地图点坐标
stop.Geometry.SpatialReference = MyMap.SpatialReference;
stop.SetZIndex(2);
graphicsLayer.Graphics.Add(stop);
// Use a projection appropriate for your area of interest
ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.BufferParameters bufferParams = new ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.BufferParameters()
{
//BufferSpatialReference = new SpatialReference(4326),
BufferSpatialReference = new SpatialReference(32648),
OutSpatialReference = MyMap.SpatialReference,
Unit = LinearUnit.Meter//设置地图单位
};
double R = Convert.ToDouble(Buffertextbox.Text);//buffer半径
bufferParams.Distances.Add(R);
bufferParams.Features.Add(stop);
_geometryService.BufferAsync(bufferParams); //执行缓冲分析
（3）获取buffer范围结果函数，然后利用geomerey来query查询
private void GeometryService_BufferCompleted(object sender, GraphicsEventArgs args)
{
Graphic bufferGraphic = new Graphic();
bufferGraphic.Geometry = args.Results[0].Geometry;//获取buffer范围geometry
bufferGraphic.Symbol = BufferSymbol;//定义buffer符号
bufferGraphic.SetZIndex(1);
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["GLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
graphicsLayer.Graphics.Add(bufferGraphic);
ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.Query query = new ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Tasks.Query();
//query.OutFields.Add("*");
query.OutFields.AddRange(new string[] { "DW", "Shape", "ID", "Area", "Length", "NAME","X","Y","ImagePath" });
query.ReturnGeometry = true;
query.Where = "1=1";
query.Geometry = bufferGraphic.Geometry;
_queryTask.ExecuteAsync(query);
Binding resultFeaturesBinding = new Binding("LastResult.Features");
resultFeaturesBinding.Source = _queryTask;
huanchongqujieguo.SetBinding(DataGrid.ItemsSourceProperty, resultFeaturesBinding);
// BufferResultWindow.IsOpen = true;
//huanchongqujieguo.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
ShowBufferResultWindow.Begin();
}
3、路径搜索，最短路径和最优路径，重点详细描述最短路径，最优路径是在最短的路径基础上改造的，这里篇数问题，不再讲。
（1）最短路径，界面是两个文本框和查询按钮，这里不贴了，贴上核心代码：
//下面是实现路径添加障碍点网络分析
MapPoint MapPointRoute1, MapPointRoute2;
RouteTask _routeTask;
List<Graphic> _stops = new List<Graphic>();
List<Graphic> _barriers = new List<Graphic>();
RouteParameters _routeParams = new RouteParameters();
/////定义Direction
Graphic _activeSegmentGraphic;
DirectionsFeatureSet _directionsFeatureSet;
/// <summary>
/// 最短路径分析初始化
/// </summary>
private void MyShortPathToChoice()
{
_routeTask = new RouteTask("http://192.168.1.4/arcgis/rest/services/SWUMap/NAServer/Route");
_routeTask.SolveCompleted += routeTask_SolveCompleted;
_routeTask.Failed += routeTask_Failed;
_routeParams.Stops = _stops;
_routeParams.Barriers = _barriers;
_routeParams.UseTimeWindows = false;
////定义Direction的
_routeParams.ReturnRoutes = true;/////
_routeParams.ReturnDirections = true;
_routeParams.DirectionsLengthUnits = esriUnits.esriMiles;
}
///////////////执行路径分析
if (_stops.Count > 1)
{
// GraphicsLayer stopsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MyStopsGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
if (_routeTask.IsBusy)
{
_routeTask.CancelAsync();
stopsLayer.Graphics.RemoveAt(stopsLayer.Graphics.Count - 1);
}
_routeTask.SolveAsync(_routeParams);
}
///////路径分析结果
private void routeTask_SolveCompleted(object sender, RouteEventArgs e)
{
GraphicsLayer routeLayer = MyMap.Layers["MyRouteGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
if (e.RouteResults.Count() > 0 && Which_Path1 == "ShortPath")
{
////先清空DirectionsStackPanel
DirectionsStackPanel.Children.Clear();
RouteResult routeResult = e.RouteResults[0];
////定义Direction
_directionsFeatureSet = routeResult.Directions;
routeResult.Route.Geometry = _directionsFeatureSet.MergedGeometry;
//routeResult.Route.Symbol = RouteSymbol;
routeResult.Route.Symbol = LayoutRoot.Resources["RouteSymbol"] as ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Symbols.Symbol;
routeLayer.Graphics.Clear();
Graphic lastRoute = routeResult.Route;
//decimal totalLength = (decimal)lastRoute.Attributes["Shape_Length"];
decimal totalLength = (decimal)lastRoute.Attributes["Total_Length"];
string length = string.Format("{0} Meters", totalLength.ToString("#0.000"));
Total_Length.Text = length;
//decimal totalTime = (decimal)lastRoute.Attributes["Total_Time"];
string tip = string.Format("{0} minutes", (totalLength/100).ToString("#0.000"));
Total_Time.Text = tip;
routeLayer.Graphics.Add(lastRoute);
////Direction
int i = 1;
foreach (Graphic graphic in _directionsFeatureSet.Features)
{
System.Text.StringBuilder text = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
text.AppendFormat("{0}. {1}", i, graphic.Attributes["text"]);
if (i > 1 && i < _directionsFeatureSet.Features.Count)
{
string distance = (Convert.ToDouble(graphic.Attributes["length"])*1609.329).ToString();
// string distance = graphic.Attributes["length"].ToString();
// string distance = graphic.Attributes["length"].ToString();
string time = null;
if (graphic.Attributes.ContainsKey("time"))
{
//time = FormatTime(Convert.ToDouble(graphic.Attributes["time"]));
time = graphic.Attributes["time"].ToString();
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(distance) || !string.IsNullOrEmpty(time))
text.Append(" (");
text.Append(distance);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(distance) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(time))
text.Append(", ");
text.Append(time);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(distance) || !string.IsNullOrEmpty(time))
text.Append(")");
}
TextBlock textBlock = new TextBlock() { Text = text.ToString(), Tag = graphic, Margin = new Thickness(4), Cursor = Cursors.Hand };
textBlock.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(directionsSegment_MouseLeftButtonDown);
DirectionsStackPanel.Children.Add(textBlock);
i++;
}
MyMap.ZoomTo(Expand(_directionsFeatureSet.Extent));
}
}
private void directionsSegment_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
TextBlock textBlock = sender as TextBlock;
Graphic feature = textBlock.Tag as Graphic;
MyMap.ZoomTo(Expand(feature.Geometry.Extent));
if (_activeSegmentGraphic == null)
{
_activeSegmentGraphic = new Graphic() { Symbol = LayoutRoot.Resources["SegmentSymbol"] as ESRI.ArcGIS.Client.Symbols.Symbol };
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MyRouteGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
graphicsLayer.Graphics.Add(_activeSegmentGraphic);
}
_activeSegmentGraphic.Geometry = feature.Geometry;
}
private void stackPanel_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
if (_directionsFeatureSet != null)
{
GraphicsLayer graphicsLayer = MyMap.Layers["MyRouteGraphicsLayer"] as GraphicsLayer;
MyMap.ZoomTo(Expand(_directionsFeatureSet.Extent));1n
}
}
private Envelope Expand(Envelope e)
{
double factor = 0.6;
MapPoint centerMapPoint = e.GetCenter();
return new Envelope(centerMapPoint.X - e.Width * factor, centerMapPoint.Y - e.Height * factor,
centerMapPoint.X + e.Width * factor, centerMapPoint.Y + e.Height * factor);
}
三、GPS模拟定位，这里说说思路好了，具体见源代码。主要是模拟校车每个时刻的地位Point，然后再描绘出来连接成线line，最后添加再地图上显示出来。应用到arcgis api的对象point、line、graphic、geometry、graphiclayer等等。
四、统计分析，这里不描述了，具体见源代码。
备注：
源代码下载：pan.baidu.com/s/1nt3JYDb
密码：sb3j
GIS技术交流QQ群：432512093