理解:本文中的”使用多态代替条件判断”是指如果你需要检查对象的类型或者根据类型执行一些操作时,一种很好的办法就是将算法封装到类中,并利用多态性进行抽象调用。
详解:本文展示了面向对象编程的基础之一“多态性”, 有时你需要检查对象的类型或者根据类型执行一些操作时,一种很好的办法就是将算法封装到类中,并利用多态性进行抽象调用。
如下代码所示,OrderProcessor 类的ProcessOrder方法根据Customer 的类型分别执行一些操作,正如上面所讲的那样,我们最好将OrderProcessor 类中这些算法(数据或操作)封装在特定的Customer 子类中。
1 public abstract class Customer 2 { 3 } 4 5 public class Employee : Customer 6 { 7 } 8 9 public class NonEmployee : Customer 10 { 11 } 12 13 public class OrderProcessor 14 { 15 public decimal ProcessOrder(Customer customer, IEnumerable<Product> products) 16 { 17 // do some processing of order 18 decimal orderTotal = products.Sum(p => p.Price); 19 20 Type customerType = customer.GetType(); 21 if (customerType == typeof(Employee)) 22 { 23 orderTotal -= orderTotal * 0.15m; 24 } 25 else if (customerType == typeof(NonEmployee)) 26 { 27 orderTotal -= orderTotal * 0.05m; 28 } 29 30 return orderTotal; 31 } 32 }
重构后的代码如下,每个Customer 子类都封装自己的算法,然后OrderProcessor 类的ProcessOrder方法的逻辑也变得简单并且清晰了。
1 public abstract class Customer 2 { 3 public abstract decimal DiscountPercentage { get; } 4 } 5 6 public class Employee : Customer 7 { 8 public override decimal DiscountPercentage 9 { 10 get { return 0.15m; } 11 } 12 } 13 14 public class NonEmployee : Customer 15 { 16 public override decimal DiscountPercentage 17 { 18 get { return 0.05m; } 19 } 20 } 21 22 public class OrderProcessor 23 { 24 public decimal ProcessOrder(Customer customer, IEnumerable<Product> products) 25 { 26 // do some processing of order 27 decimal orderTotal = products.Sum(p => p.Price); 28 29 orderTotal -= orderTotal * customer.DiscountPercentage; 30 31 return orderTotal; 32 } 33 }
时间: 2024-10-28 16:24:31