// org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate 中的查询方法基本都有支持参数RowMapper<T> rowMapper的重载方法。下面只是随便举例2个,还有很多 public <T> List<T> query(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException { ... }; public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException { ... }; //demo01 List<Person> person = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Person>() { @Override public Person mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i) throws SQLException { Person p = new Person(); //特别需要new,不然如果结果集是list就只有1个对象 p.setId(rs.getString("id")); return p; }}); //特别 如果如demo写,很麻烦要set很多。此时spring提供了一个RowMapper的实现类BeanPropertyRowMapper //demo02 List<Person> person = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper(Person.class));
这篇博客的主要目的是分析BeanPropertyRowMapper的实现是怎么样。
先,之前也在用jdbcTemplate来查询,但都是用demo01的方式。上周末本来想写一个BaseRowMapper(其实就是BeanPropertyRowMapper),但冬(lan)眠(si)去了。
在今天(2016-11-07)上班的时候又用到了,于是就打算写。但看了下RowMapper的结构(ctrl+t)发现了BeanPropertyRowMapper。这不就是我想要的吗,于是决定去看下和自己的想法有什么差别。
现在,我还没看过源码,先说我周末大致想到的:
1、肯定要用反射,根据sql的列名/别名去找到对应的set;
以sql返回结果集的列为准,sql有的必须有set,有set不一定sql有返回。
2、反射效率低,如果我sql返回的是list,不应该每行都要根据反射去找set。而是应该在第一次找的时候,把列名/别名对应的set缓存起来,以后直接取;
第一次(第一行结果)用列名/别名(不区分大小写),找到set,并缓存;之后直接用别名/列名去找set,节约反射查找set消耗的时间。
注:以下都是BeanPropertyRowMapper源码分析
一、缓存自定义类型的set方法
// BeanPropertyRowMapper的成员变量 /** Logger available to subclasses */ protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); /** The class we are mapping to ;要映射的class*/ private Class<T> mappedClass; /** Whether we‘re strictly validating; 是否严格映射bean和sql结果 */ private boolean checkFullyPopulated = false; /** Whether we‘re defaulting primitives when mapping a null value */ private boolean primitivesDefaultedForNullValue = false; /** Map of the fields we provide mapping for;映射字段的set方法 */ private Map<String, PropertyDescriptor> mappedFields; /** Set of bean properties we provide mapping for ;需要映射的字段*/ private Set<String> mappedProperties;
/** * Create a new BeanPropertyRowMapper, accepting unpopulated properties in the target bean. * <p>Consider using the {@link #newInstance} factory method instead,which allows for specifying the mapped type once only. * @param mappedClass the class that each row should be mapped to */ public BeanPropertyRowMapper(Class<T> mappedClass) { initialize(mappedClass); } /** * Create a new BeanPropertyRowMapper. * @param mappedClass the class that each row should be mapped to * @param checkFullyPopulated whether we‘re strictly validating that all bean properties have been mapped from corresponding database fields */ public BeanPropertyRowMapper(Class<T> mappedClass, boolean checkFullyPopulated) { initialize(mappedClass); this.checkFullyPopulated = checkFullyPopulated; //是否严格验证,所有bean属性已经从对应的数据库字段映射。 }
在BeanPropertyRowMapper提供的2中构造函数中,区别只在于是否严格映射bean和sql结果(默认是false,不严格映射)。
/** * Initialize the mapping metadata for the given class. * @param mappedClass the mapped class. */ protected void initialize(Class<T> mappedClass) { this.mappedClass = mappedClass; this.mappedFields = new HashMap<String, PropertyDescriptor>(); this.mappedProperties = new HashSet<String>(); //以上都是设置/初始化成员变量 PropertyDescriptor[] pds = BeanUtils.getPropertyDescriptors(mappedClass);//org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils
for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) { if (pd.getWriteMethod() != null) { this.mappedFields.put(pd.getName().toLowerCase(), pd); // key:全小写 String underscoredName = underscoreName(pd.getName()); // ex:bookName --> book_name if (!pd.getName().toLowerCase().equals(underscoredName)) { //set与其属性命名的不一致;方法是setBookName 而变量是book_name; 大致是这意思 this.mappedFields.put(underscoredName, pd); } this.mappedProperties.add(pd.getName()); //key:与mappedFields不一样 } } } /** * Convert a name in camelCase to an underscored name in lower case. * Any upper case letters are converted to lower case with a preceding underscore. * @param name the string containing original name * @return the converted name */ private String underscoreName(String name) { //ex: bookName --> book_name if (!StringUtils.hasLength(name)) { return ""; } StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); result.append(name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase()); for (int i = 1; i < name.length(); i++) { String s = name.substring(i, i + 1); String slc = s.toLowerCase(); if (!s.equals(slc)) { //大写字母转换成 _+小写 result.append("_").append(slc); } else { result.append(s); } } return result.toString(); }
注意:
1、Map<String, PropertyDescriptor> mappedFields的key与Set<String> mappedProperties的value保存的并不一定是一样的:
mappedFields的key是set方法的全小写/带下划线的全小写,而mappedProperties的是set方法名。
ex: private String bookName; public void setBookName(..)
mappedFields:bookname/book_name mappedProperties:bookName
2、关于underscoreName()的转换,效果就是: 大写 –> _+小写。 初略的认为是转换成员变量与对应set命名不一样的问题。
从BeanPropertyRowMapper.initialize(…)结合自己的设想:
1、先根据class缓存了所有的set方法,并保存在了mappedFields。
即当初我想要的效果,不过我想的可能是在执行第一次的时候(mapRow方法中)。而BeanPropertyRowMapper则是在构造的时候就缓存了。
2、我所没想到的underscoreName(),可能我项目并没存在命名问题。成员变量的set/get都是工具自己生成的,命名也是采取的驼峰式(不管是java还是sql的别名)
3、对于PropertyDescriptor的获取,spring还是用了自己的获取。我的话不确定,毕竟对反射也不是很熟悉。
但看过一篇文章: java反射的性能问题 ,如果我自己写的话,估计还是会用java自带的吧。
虽然不清楚spring和java自带的区别及效率,但我觉得应该spring比较好吧。不然spring直接用jdk的就行了,没必要自己再写。
以上,BeanPropertyRowMapper在构造的时候已经有了反射,接下来就是把每行的值写到对应的属性中。
二、写入sql结果集的值到对应bean属性
// jdbcTemplate调用RowMapper.mapRow(...) public class RowMapperResultSetExtractor<T> implements ResultSetExtractor<List<T>> { private final RowMapper<T> rowMapper; private final int rowsExpected; /** * Create a new RowMapperResultSetExtractor. * @param rowMapper the RowMapper which creates an object for each row */ public RowMapperResultSetExtractor(RowMapper<T> rowMapper) { this(rowMapper, 0); } /** * Create a new RowMapperResultSetExtractor. * @param rowMapper the RowMapper which creates an object for each row * @param rowsExpected the number of expected rows * (just used for optimized collection handling) */ public RowMapperResultSetExtractor(RowMapper<T> rowMapper, int rowsExpected) { Assert.notNull(rowMapper, "RowMapper is required"); this.rowMapper = rowMapper; this.rowsExpected = rowsExpected; } @Override public List<T> extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException { List<T> results = (this.rowsExpected > 0 ? new ArrayList<T>(this.rowsExpected) : new ArrayList<T>()); int rowNum = 0; while (rs.next()) { results.add(this.rowMapper.mapRow(rs, rowNum++));//调用核心; 1、每行的rowMapper是同一个对象,所以可以缓存映射关系 2、mapRow为什么是new对象也是因为这个。不然list.add的是同一个return对象。 } return results; } }
// BeanPropertyRowMapper中mapRow的实现 @Override public T mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNumber) throws SQLException { Assert.state(this.mappedClass != null, "Mapped class was not specified"); T mappedObject = BeanUtils.instantiate(this.mappedClass); //实例化一个新对象;就是class.newInstance();
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(mappedObject); //这也是spring自己的,有兴趣可以看。在这主要就是类似method.invoke(…) initBeanWrapper(bw); //这是个空方法,用于子类扩展
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData(); int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount(); // 与rsmd都是sql结果集的信息 Set<String> populatedProperties = (isCheckFullyPopulated() ? new HashSet<String>() : null);//是否严格映射bean和sql for (int index = 1; index <= columnCount; index++) { String column = JdbcUtils.lookupColumnName(rsmd, index); // 得到sql的列名/别名 PropertyDescriptor pd = this.mappedFields.get(column.replaceAll(" ", "").toLowerCase()); // 从缓存中得到方法信息 if (pd != null) { try { Object value = getColumnValue(rs, index, pd); // 得到每列的值。为什么要pd:因为要根据类型获取相应的值。 if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && rowNumber == 0) { logger.debug("Mapping column ‘" + column + "‘ to property ‘" + pd.getName() + "‘ of type " + pd.getPropertyType()); } try { bw.setPropertyValue(pd.getName(), value); // 设置结果 } catch (TypeMismatchException e) { if (value == null && primitivesDefaultedForNullValue) { logger.debug("Intercepted TypeMismatchException for row " + rowNumber + " and column ‘" + column + "‘ with value " + value + " when setting property ‘" + pd.getName() + "‘ of type " + pd.getPropertyType() + " on object: " + mappedObject); } else { throw e; } } if (populatedProperties != null) { //严格映射的逻辑判断 populatedProperties.add(pd.getName()); } } catch (NotWritablePropertyException ex) { throw new DataRetrievalFailureException( "Unable to map column " + column + " to property " + pd.getName(), ex); } } } if (populatedProperties != null && !populatedProperties.equals(this.mappedProperties)) { //严格映射的逻辑判断 throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("Given ResultSet does not contain all fields " + "necessary to populate object of class [" + this.mappedClass + "]: " + this.mappedProperties); } return mappedObject; }
public static <T> T instantiate(Class<T> clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException { Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null"); if (clazz.isInterface()) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface"); } try { return clazz.newInstance(); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Is it an abstract class?", ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Is the constructor accessible?", ex); } }
/** * Initialize the given BeanWrapper to be used for row mapping. * To be called for each row. * <p>The default implementation is empty. Can be overridden in subclasses. * @param bw the BeanWrapper to initialize */ protected void initBeanWrapper(BeanWrapper bw) { }
protected Object getColumnValue(ResultSet rs, int index, PropertyDescriptor pd) throws SQLException { return JdbcUtils.getResultSetValue(rs, index, pd.getPropertyType()); } // JdbcUtils.class 根据set参数的类型,决定sql返回值调用类型 public static Object getResultSetValue(ResultSet rs, int index, Class<?> requiredType) throws SQLException { if (requiredType == null) { return getResultSetValue(rs, index); } Object value; // Explicitly extract typed value, as far as possible. if (String.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getString(index); } else if (boolean.class.equals(requiredType) || Boolean.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getBoolean(index); } else if (byte.class.equals(requiredType) || Byte.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getByte(index); } else if (short.class.equals(requiredType) || Short.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getShort(index); } else if (int.class.equals(requiredType) || Integer.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getInt(index); } else if (long.class.equals(requiredType) || Long.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getLong(index); } else if (float.class.equals(requiredType) || Float.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getFloat(index); } else if (double.class.equals(requiredType) || Double.class.equals(requiredType) || Number.class.equals(requiredType)) { value = rs.getDouble(index); } else if (BigDecimal.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getBigDecimal(index); } else if (java.sql.Date.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getDate(index); } else if (java.sql.Time.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getTime(index); } else if (java.sql.Timestamp.class.equals(requiredType) || java.util.Date.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getTimestamp(index); } else if (byte[].class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getBytes(index); } else if (Blob.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getBlob(index); } else if (Clob.class.equals(requiredType)) { return rs.getClob(index); } else { // Some unknown type desired -> rely on getObject. if (getObjectWithTypeAvailable) { try { return rs.getObject(index, requiredType); } catch (AbstractMethodError err) { logger.debug("JDBC driver does not implement JDBC 4.1 ‘getObject(int, Class)‘ method", err); } catch (SQLFeatureNotSupportedException ex) { logger.debug("JDBC driver does not support JDBC 4.1 ‘getObject(int, Class)‘ method", ex); } catch (SQLException ex) { logger.debug("JDBC driver has limited support for JDBC 4.1 ‘getObject(int, Class)‘ method", ex); } } // Fall back to getObject without type specification... return getResultSetValue(rs, index); } // Perform was-null check if necessary (for results that the JDBC driver returns as primitives). return (rs.wasNull() ? null : value); }
基本核心的全部源码就在这;但有个核心没看也没写出源码就是:
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(mappedObject);
bw.setPropertyValue(pd.getName(), value);
其目的个人理解就是:method.invoke(…)
感觉总体来说,和我的设想是一样的。但只是实现上效率的区别。就在PropertyDescriptor、Method、及set调用。
个人话应该不会去写PropertyDescriptor的获取,就直接用jdk提供的了。而set的调用也是一样,直接用PropertyDescriptor找到set的Method,然后Method.invoke(…);
(所以个人最初想的时候缓存的其实是Method而不是PropertyDescriptor)
值的获取也没太大区别,都是判断set的参数类型,然后调用ResultSet的对应方法。
总结:
考虑到了优化最明显的查找set方法小号。但其余的优化还不知道:不知道哪些还可以优化、怎么优化,有待学习。
(有待不知是哪年了,周围的都没注重技术的。都只要求业务功能的代码,管你怎么写的,也不愿给你时间、资源去学习,就知道催进度。)
ps:
哎,回到家大概19.50。从8.10来分开始边写边看BeanPropertyRowMapper,感觉也没写什么而且那源码核心的复杂的BeanWrapper还没看。单独是BeanPropertyRowMapper其实几分钟就看完了。结果写完就22.40左右了。
要说学到了什么吗,真的不知道。项目实际接触的都是业务代码,没有任何技术可言(不管是旧技术还是新技术)。
心好累…一直想转行,可惜一无是处,哎!