+----------------+
+ MySQL主从复制 +
+------------------+
主从复制基本原理：
通过Mysql的某一台主机的数据复制到其他主机。复制过程一个服务器充当主服务器，其余为从服务器。主服务器将更新写入二进制日志文件，并维护文件的一个索引以跟踪日志循环。日志记录发送到从服务器的更新。
注意：对表的更新必须在主服务器上。
+------------------------+
master IP :172.25.38.3
slave IP :172.25.38.4
rhel-server-6.5-x86_64
+-----------------------+
准备操作
rpm -e `rpm -qa|grep mysql ##删除一切之前安装的数据库
yum install -y mysql-server ##安装数据库
rpm -qa |grep mysql ##安装后，查看已安装的数据库安装包
mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-server-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
cd /var/lib/mysql ##进入该目录，删除一切数据
rm -fr *
----------------------------------
主master
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql ##数据库的数据路径
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ##数据库启动的脚本
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
server-id=3 ##最好写成ip的最后一段
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-do-db=test
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
/etc/init.d/mysqld start ##开启数据库
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password ‘westos‘ #设置新密码
--------------------------------
从slave
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
server-id=4
log-bin=mysql-bin
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password ‘westos‘
--------------------------------
主和从重启服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart##更改配置后，需要重启数据库
--------------------------------
主master授权
mysql -uroot -pwestos
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘172.25.38.%‘ identified by ‘westos‘;##授权，给用户ly，ip为172.25.38网段下的所有ip，密码为westos
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;##主master信息
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 254 | test | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
------------------------------
从slave
mysql> change master to master_host=‘172.25.38.3‘, master_user=‘ly‘,master_password=‘westos‘;## 主ip设置为172.25.38.3，用户名为ly,密码为westos
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.59 sec)
mysql> start slave;##启动slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;##查看slave状态信息
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.38.3
Master_User: ly
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 254
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 399
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes ##必须为yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ##必须为yes
-------------------------------------
主master测试
mysql> show databases;##显示当前所有数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;##进入test
Database changed
mysql> create table usertb (id int(8) not null,name varchar(15) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)##创建名为usertb的表
mysql> insert into usertb values(01,‘liu‘);##插入信息
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into usertb values(02,‘li‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from usertb;##查看表中的所有信息
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | liu |
| 2 | li |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
------------------------------
从slave查看数据库信息如下
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| usertb |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from usertb;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | liu |
| 2 | li |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-----------------------------------