Linux Logwatch的学习总结

Logwatch功能介绍

Logwatch是一款Perl脚本编写的、开源的日志分析工具。它能对原始的日志文件进行解析并转换成结构化格式的文档，也能根据您的使用情况和需求来定制报告。Logwatch的特点是配置简单、监控、分析日志方便，而且可以对某些功能进行定制化。 项目源码位于https://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/ 。

LogWatch的官文档介绍：

Logwatch is a customizable, pluggable log-monitoring system. It will go through your logs for a given period of time and make a report in the areas that you wish with the detail that you wish.

Logwatch安装升级

1： 查看是否安装Logwatch组件

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep logwatch

logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6

2: Logwatch的安装、升级、卸载

2.1.1 Logwatch的RPM安装

[[email protected] Server]# rpm -ivh logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6.noarch.rpm 

warning: logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

        package logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6.noarch is already installed

[[email protected] Server]# 

[[email protected] Server]# yum install logwatch

2.1.2 Logwatch的源码安装

[[email protected] tmp]# tar -xzvf logwatch-7.4.3.tar.gz 

[[email protected] tmp]# cd logwatch-7.4.3

[[email protected] logwatch-7.4.3]# ./install_logwatch.sh

#################################

Preparing to install Logwatch

Enter the path to the Logwatch BaseDir [/usr/share/logwatch] : 

### Using /usr/share/logwatch

Enter the path for the Logwatch ConfigDir [/etc/logwatch] : 

### Using /etc/logwatch

Enter the dir name to be used for temp files [/var/cache/logwatch] : 

### Using /var/cache/logwatch

Enter the location of perl [/usr/bin/perl] : 

### Using /usr/bin/perl

Enter the dir name to used for the manpage [/usr/share/man] : 

### Using /usr/share/man

### Installing

Created symlink for /usr/sbin/logwatch 

Created /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch 

2.2 Logwatch的卸载

[[email protected] Server]# rpm -e logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6

2.2 Logwatch的升级

[[email protected] Server]#rpm -Uvh logwatch***.rpm

Logwatch的配置介绍

Logwatch的配置文件为 /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf ，初始安装后，这个配置文件是空的。你可以将配置文件的模板拷贝过来，如果不做这一步，就会默认使用/usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf 这个配置文件。

[[email protected] ~]# more  /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf

# Local configuration options go here (defaults are in /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf)

[[email protected] ~]# cp  /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf  /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf 

cp: overwrite `/etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf‘? yes

配置的具体参数介绍：

LogDir = /var/log                系统日志或需要分析日志所在路径

TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch     临时文件位置

Output = stdout                  输出格式（stdout 屏幕上显示）

Format = text                    输出格式，有text、html选项可以选择

Encode = none                    编码格式

MailTo = root                    分析结果发送给那些人或邮件组。多个邮箱逗号隔开

MailFrom = Logwatch              邮件的发件人

Range = yesterday                处理什么时候的日志 , 可选项 All（所有） ,Yesterday（昨天） , Today（今天）

                                 Range = "1 hours ago for that hour"

                                 Range = "-7 days"

                                 Range = "between -7 days and -3 days"

                                 Range = "since March 15, 2017"

                                 Range = "first Friday in October"

                                 Range = "2017/04/15 12:50:15 for that second"

Detail = Low                     该参数控制着 Logwatch 报告的详细程, 可选项：Low , Med , High 也可以用0-10数字表示

                                 其中High、Med、Low 几个选项分别代表着10、5和0数字。

Service = All                    监控所有服务 all

Service = "-httpd"               不监控的服务前面加 “-” , 如 -httpd ,即不监控 httpd 服务 , 可以写多条

mailer = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t" 发送邮件的方式（可以选sendmail，postfix,Qmail）

注意不同版本的Logwatch的参数有所区别，例如如下logwatch-7.3-9与logwatch-7.4.3的对比如下

[[email protected] ~]# sed -n "/^\s*[^#\t].*$/p" /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf

LogDir = /var/log

TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch

MailTo = root

MailFrom = Logwatch

Print = No

Range = yesterday

Detail = Low 

Service = All

Service = "-zz-network"     # Prevents execution of zz-network service, which

                            # prints useful network configuration info.

Service = "-zz-sys"         # Prevents execution of zz-sys service, which

                            # prints useful system configuration info.

Service = "-eximstats"      # Prevents execution of eximstats service, which

                            # is a wrapper for the eximstats program.

mailer = "sendmail -t"

[[email protected] ~]# sed -n "/^\s*[^#\t].*$/p" /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf 

LogDir = /var/log

TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch

Output = stdout

Format = text

Encode = none

MailTo = root

MailFrom = Logwatch

Range = yesterday

Detail = Low

Service = All

Service = "-zz-network"     # Prevents execution of zz-network service, which

                            # prints useful network configuration info.

Service = "-zz-sys"         # Prevents execution of zz-sys service, which

                            # prints useful system configuration info.

Service = "-eximstats"      # Prevents execution of eximstats service, which

                            # is a wrapper for the eximstats program.

mailer = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t"

[[email protected] ~]# 

Logwatch 并不是以系统服务形式来跑的 ,而是在/etc/cron.daily下生成了一个脚本/etc/cron.daily/0logwatch ，有些版本是一个软链 。如下所示。 当然你也可以在crontab里面设置自己的作业.如果要使用发送邮件功能，你必须提前进行配置。例如，配置sendmail。

logwatch-7.3-9

[[email protected] ~]# ls -l /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Apr 23  2015 /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch -> /usr/share/logwatch/scripts/logwatch.pl

logwatch-7.4.3

[[email protected] tmp]# more  /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch

#!/bin/sh

#Set logwatch location

LOGWATCH_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/logwatch"

#Add options to this line. Most options should be defined in /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf,

#but some are only for the nightly cronrun such as --output mail and should be set here.

#Other options to consider might be "--format html" or "--encode base64", man logwatch for more details.

OPTIONS="--output mail"

#Call logwatch

$LOGWATCH_SCRIPT $OPTIONS

exit 0

[[email protected] tmp]# ls -l  /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 434 Apr 27 15:09 /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch

[[email protected] tmp]# 

Logwatch的用例介绍

1: 查看logwatch的帮助信息（注意不同版本间的区别）

[[email protected] log]# logwatch --help

Usage: /usr/sbin/logwatch [--detail <level>] [--logfile <name>] [--output <output_type>]

   [--format <format_type>] [--encode <enconding>] [--numeric]

   [--mailto <addr>] [--archives] [--range <range>] [--debug <level>]

   [--filename <filename>] [--help|--usage] [--version] [--service <name>]

   [--hostformat <host_format type>] [--hostlimit <host1,host2>] [--html_wrap <num_characters>]

--detail <level>: Report Detail Level - High, Med, Low or any #.

--logfile <name>: *Name of a logfile definition to report on.

--logdir <name>: Name of default directory where logs are stored.

--service <name>: *Name of a service definition to report on.

--output <output type>: Report Output - stdout [default], mail, file.

--format <formatting>: Report Format - text [default], html.

--encode <encoding>: Enconding to use - none [default], base64.

--mailto <addr>: Mail report to <addr>.

--archives: Use archived log files too.

--filename <filename>: Used to specify they filename to save to. --filename <filename> [Forces output to file].

--range <range>: Date range: Yesterday, Today, All, Help

                             where help will describe additional options

--numeric: Display addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically

           (saves  a  nameserver address-to-name lookup).

--debug <level>: Debug Level - High, Med, Low or any #.

--hostformat: Host Based Report Options - none [default], split, splitmail.

--hostlimit: Limit report to hostname - host1,host2.

--hostname: overwrites hostname

--html_wrap <num_characters>: Default is 80.

--version: Displays current version.

--help: This message.

--usage: Same as --help.

* = Switch can be specified multiple times...

2：Logwatch的使用案例：

logwatch --service sshd --print

logwatch --detail High --Service All --range All --print

logwatch --detail High --Service All --range All --output stdout

logwatch --detail 10 --range today --service http --service postfix --service zz-disk_space --format html --output file --filename /tmp/logwatch.html

注意上面有些版本不能执行，例如logwatch-7.4.3中就没有参数--print，需要用参数--output

[[email protected] ~]#  logwatch --service sshd --print  

 ################### Logwatch 7.3 (03/24/06) #################### 

        Processing Initiated: Mon Apr 24 08:11:00 2017

        Date Range Processed: yesterday

                              ( 2017-Apr-23 )

                              Period is day.

      Detail Level of Output: 10

              Type of Output: unformatted

           Logfiles for Host: xxx.xxx.xxx

  ################################################################## 

 --------------------- SSHD Begin ------------------------ 

 Users logging in through sshd:

    xxxxx:

       192.168.xxx.xxx (xxxx): 276 times

    oracle:

       192.168.xxx.xxx (xxxxx): 1 time

 Received disconnect:

    11: The user disconnected the application

       192.168.xxx.xxx : 276 Time(s)

 ---------------------- SSHD End ------------------------- 

 ###################### Logwatch End ######################### 

[[email protected] log]# logwatch --detail 10 --range all --service sshd --format text --output file --filename /tmp/logwatch.txt

[[email protected] log]# more /tmp/logwatch.txt 

 ################### Logwatch 7.4.3 (04/27/16) #################### 

        Processing Initiated: Thu Apr 27 17:17:42 2017

        Date Range Processed: all

        Detail Level of Output: 10

        Type of Output/Format: file / text

        Logfiles for Host: DB-Server.localdomain

 ################################################################## 

 --------------------- SSHD Begin ------------------------ 

 Couldn‘t resolve these IPs:

    get253194.gfg1.esquel.com(192.168.103.21): 1 Time(s)

    get253194.gfg1.esquel.com(192.168.103.26): 1 Time(s)

 Failed logins from:

    192.168.7.xxx: 1 time

       root/password: 1 time

 Users logging in through sshd:

    root:

       192.168.103.15 (xxxxx): 4 times

       192.168.103.21 (xxxxx): 4 times

       192.168.103.22 (xxxxx): 3 times

       192.168.103.26 (xxxxx): 2 times

 SFTP subsystem requests: 6 Time(s)

 ---------------------- SSHD End ------------------------- 

 ###################### Logwatch End #########################