简介：
Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。
网络安装服务器套件 Cobbler(补鞋匠)从前，我们一直在做装机民工这份很有前途的职业。自打若干年前 Red Hat 推出了 Kickstart，此后我们顿觉身价倍增。不再需要刻了光盘一台一台地安装 Linux，只要搞定 PXE、DHCP、TFTP，还有那满屏眼花缭乱不知所云的 Kickstart 脚本，我们就可以像哈里波特一样，轻点魔棒，瞬间安装上百台服务器。这一堆花里胡哨的东西可不是一般人都能整明白的，没有大专以上学历，通不过英语四级，根本别想玩转。总而言之，这是一份多么有前途，多么有技术含量的工作啊。很不幸，Red Hat 最新（Cobbler项目最初在2008年左右发布）发布了网络安装服务器套件 Cobbler(补鞋匠)，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。对于我们这些在装机领域浸淫多年，经验丰富，老骥伏枥，志在千里的民工兄弟们来说，不啻为一个晴天霹雳。
一、安装软件
1、安装cobbler
[[email protected] ~]# yum install cobbler pykickstart debmirror
2、 其他服务的安装
额外需要的服务还有dhcp tftp，rsync，xinetd，httpd，syslinux。所以如果安装系统的时候如果这几个包没装上，请手动安装。
二、启动服务并检测cobbler
1、启动httpd和cobblerd服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for node1 [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
2、执行“cobbler check命令检查存的问题，逐一按提示解决：
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something
other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a
resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that
will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in
/etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should
match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you
may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle
x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version
of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in
this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include
pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command
is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
4 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
5 : comment out ‘dists‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
6 : comment out ‘arches‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed
machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to
‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt
‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional)
power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use themRestart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.
如上各问题的解决方法如下所示：
1、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中，server: 172.16.22.6；
2、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中，next_server: 172.16.22.6；
3、如果当前节点可以访问互联网，执行“cobbler get-loaders”命令即可；否则，需要安装syslinux程序包，执行：
[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32}
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
4、执行[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig rsync on
5、注释/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@dists="sid";”一行；
6、注释/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@arches="i386";”一行；
7、执行“openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘
‘your-password-here‘”生成密码，并用替换/etc/cobbler/settings文件中default_password_crypted参数的值，如default_password_crypted:
"$1$random-p$AOw9RDIWQm6tfUo9Ediu/0"；
8、执行“yum -y install cman fence-agents”命令安装相应的程序包即可；
3、重启cobblerd服务，同步新的配置至cobbler，再次检测
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ] Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2014-10-05_172520_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Oct 5 17:25:20 2014) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/etc removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** [[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
三、配置及启动cobbler所依赖的各服务
cobbler的运行依赖于dhcp、tftp、rsync及dns服务。cobbler可自行管理这些服务中的部分甚至是全部，但需要配置/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的“manage_dhcp”、“manage_tftpd”、“manage_rsync”和“manage_dns”分别进行定义。另外，由于每种服务都有着不同的实现方式，如若需要进行自定义，需要通过修改/etc/cobbler/modules.conf配置文件中各服务的模块参数的值来实现。
本文采用了独立管理的方式，即不通过cobbler来管理这些服务。
1、配置dhcp服务
[[email protected] syslinux]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp: overwrite `/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf‘? y
[[email protected] syslinux]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name "whb.com";
option domain-name-servers 172.16.22.1;
default-lease-time 43200;
max-lease-time 86400;
log-facility local7;
subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
range 172.16.22.20 172.16.22.25;
option routers 172.16.22.1;
next-server 172.16.22.6;
filename="pxelinux.0";
}
检查配置文件并重启服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd configtest Syntax: OK [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ] Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
2、配置tftp服务
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig tftp on [[email protected] ~]# service xinetd restart Stopping xinetd: [FAILED] Starting xinetd: [ OK ]
四、配置cobbler
1、管理distro
挂载ISO镜像，并定义distro，可以通过为其指定外部的安装引导内核及ramdisk文件的方式实现。而如果已经有完整的系统安装树（如CentOS6的安装镜像）则推荐使用import直接导入的方式进行。本文为直接导入
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-6.5-x86_64 --path=/mnt/ task started: 2014-10-05_181334_import task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Oct 5 18:13:34 2014) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64: creating new distro: centos-6.5-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos-6.5-x86_64 creating new profile: centos-6.5-x86_64 associating repos checking for rsync repo(s) checking for rhn repo(s) checking for yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64 for centos-6.5-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64 looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/repodata/0dae8d32824acd9dbdf7ed72f628152dd00b85e4bd802e6b46e4d7b78c1042a3-c6-x86_64-comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64 received on stdout: Spawning worker 0 with 3887 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete received on stderr: *** TASK COMPLETE *** 列出所有的distro： [[email protected] ~]# cobbler distro list centos-6.5-x86_64
2、管理profile
cobbler使用profile来为特定的需求类别提供所需要安装配置，即在distro的基础上通过提供kickstart文件来生成一个特定的系统安装配置。distro的profile可以出现在PXE的引导菜单中作为安装的选择之一。
因此，如果需要为前面创建的centos-6.5-x86_64这个distro提供一个可引导安装条目，其用到的kickstart文件为/tmp/centos-6.5-x86_64.cfg(只提供了最基本的程序包)，则可通过如下命令实现。
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/tmp/centos6.x86_64.cfg 列出所有的profile： [[email protected] tmp]# cobbler profile list centos-6.5-x86_64 centos-6.5-x86_64-basic
五、测试
新建虚拟机，网络启动
看到这个图就大功告成了！！！！！
时间： 2024-08-01 20:35:03