一、Nginx防盗链

防盗链是指一个网站的资源(图片或附件)未经允许在其它网站提供浏览和下载，尤其热门资源的盗链，对网站带宽的消耗非常大，设置防盗链以节省资源。

1、修改虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf

server
{
   listen 80;
   server_name linuxtest.com;
   index index.html index.htm index.php;
   root /data/wwwroot/linuxtest;

   location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
   {
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.linuxtest.com ;
#   定义referer白名单
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
#    if函数的意思是：如果不是白名单内的域名，返回值：403
    }

#   location /
#     {
#       auth_basic         "Auth";
#       auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
#     }
   access_log /tmp/linuxtest.log combined_realip;
}
#使用access_log指定日志存储路径和使用的日志格式名字

2、测试

[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[[email protected] vhost]# echo "这是防盗链jpg测试！" > /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/test.jpg
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 linuxtest.com/test.jpg -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 14:33:07 GMT
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Length: 28
Last-Modified: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 14:32:45 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aaa840d-1c"
Expires: Thu, 22 Mar 2018 14:33:07 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -e "http://www.com" linuxtest.com/test.jpg -I     //-e选项自定义referer
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 14:33:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

二、访问控制

访问控制即限制指定的IP才能访问指定的目录

1、修改虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf  //添加如下内容

   location /admin/
    {
    allow 192.168.242.128;
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    deny all;
#   设置IP白名单
    }

2、测试

[[email protected] vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/linuxtest/admin
[[email protected] vhost]#  echo “test,test”>/data/wwwroot/linuxtest/admin/1.html
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80  linuxtest.com/admin/1.html
“test,test”
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x192.168.242.128:80  linuxtest.com/admin/1.html
“test,test”

3、访问控制-正则

location ~ .*(abc|image)/.*\.php$
{
        deny all;
}

4、访问控制-代理

if ($http_user_agent ~ ‘Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato‘)
{
      return 403;
}

三、Nginx解析PHP

修改虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf

location ~ \.php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params;
        //fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
#      fastcgi_pass两种监听格式，但是要保证Nginx和php-fpm中格式一致
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

四、Nginx代理

Nginx代理是一种反向代理。反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受Internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器；并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给Internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器。
graph LR
用户–>代理服务器
代理服务器–>用户
代理服务器–>web服务器
web服务器–>代理服务器

1、更改配置文件

[[email protected] vhost]# vim proxy.conf

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name ask.apelearn.com;
#   定义域名（一般和被代理ip的域名保持一致）
    location /
    {
        proxy_pass      http://47.91.145.78/;
#       指定被代理（被访问）的IP（web服务器IP）
        proxy_set_header Host   $host;
#       $host指的是代理服务器的servername（也是被代理IP的域名）
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

2、测试

[[email protected] vhost]# vim proxy.conf
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 ask.apelearn.com -I    //同通过代理
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 15:44:25 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.29
P3P: CP="CURa ADMa DEVa PSAo PSDo OUR BUS UNI PUR INT DEM STA PRE COM NAV OTC NOI DSP COR"
Set-Cookie: ape__Session=k44g3eklsert1fgbjhl061l4f4; path=/; domain=.apelearn.com
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Pragma: no-cache

[[email protected] vhost]# curl ask.apelearn.com -I     //直接连
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 15:46:06 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.29
P3P: CP="CURa ADMa DEVa PSAo PSDo OUR BUS UNI PUR INT DEM STA PRE COM NAV OTC NOI DSP COR"
Set-Cookie: ape__Session=ium8s3hsrjh4ulf6qbrjpdcme2; path=/; domain=.apelearn.com
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Pragma: no-cache

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/3069201/2087397