LeetCode[Array]: Majority Element

Given an array of size n, find the majority element. The majority element is the element that appears more than ? n/2 ? times.

You may assume that the array is non-empty and the majority element always exist in the array.

这个题目可以利用“位操作”来实现:

假设每个数都是一个比特,即要么是0,要么是1。在这种前提下,可以统计总共有多少个1,然后将这个统计值除上超过总数一半的最小正整数,即可知道那个数字出现的次数更多。对于一个32位int来说,分别统计32个比特位即可。

C++代码实现如下:

int majorityElement(vector<int> &num) {
    int bitCount[32] = {0};

    for (int i = 0; i < num.size(); ++i)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j)
        {
            if (num[i] & (1 << j))
                ++bitCount[j];
        }
    }

    int result = 0;
    int count = (num.size() >> 1) + 1;
    for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j)
    {
        if (bitCount[j] / count)
            result |= (1 << j);
    }

    return result;
}

上述解法的时间复杂度为O(N),空间复杂度为O(1)。时间性能表现如下图所示:

这个问题还有一个跟巧妙的解法,那就是采用Moore’s voting algorithm,链接中有详细介绍,在此不作介绍。

int majorityElement(vector<int> &num) {
    int curIdx = 0, count = 1;

    for (int i = 1; i < num.size(); ++i)
    {
        num[i] == num[curIdx] ? ++count : --count;
        if (!count)
        {
            curIdx = i;
            count = 1;
        }
    }

    return num[curIdx];
}

这种解法的时间复杂度也为O(N),空间复杂度也为O(1)。但时间性能表现更好,如下图所示:

时间: 2024-08-05 08:27:39

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