Sql Server系列：创建数据表

　　表是用来存储数据和操作数据的逻辑结构，用来组织和存储数据，关系数据库中的所有数据都表现为表的形式，数据表由行和列组成。SQL Server中的数据表分为临时表和永久表，临时表存储在tempdb系统数据库中，当不再使用或退出SQL Server时，临时表会自动删除；永久表一旦创建之后，除非用户删除，否则将一直存在数据库文件中。

　　创建数据表的两种方法：(1) 通过对象资源管理器创建；(2) 通过Transact-SQL语句进行创建。

1. Transact-SQL创建表

1> 语法

CREATE TABLE
    [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name
        ( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition>
                | <column_set_definition> }
        [ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] )
    [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup
        | "default" } ]
    [ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ]
    [ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup
        | "default" } ]
    [ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ; ]

<column_definition> ::=
column_name <data_type>
    [ FILESTREAM ]
    [ COLLATE collation_name ]
    [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
    [
        [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ]
      | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
    ]
    [ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ]
    [ SPARSE ] 

<data type> ::=
[ type_schema_name . ] type_name
    [ ( precision [ , scale ] | max |
        [ { CONTENT | DOCUMENT } ] xml_schema_collection ) ] 

<column_constraint> ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{     { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
        [
            WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
          | WITH ( < index_option > [ , ...n ] )
        ]
        [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name )
            | filegroup | "default" } ]
  | [ FOREIGN KEY ]
        REFERENCES [ schema_name . ] referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ]
        [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
        [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
        [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
  | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
} 

<computed_column_definition> ::=
column_name AS computed_column_expression
[ PERSISTED [ NOT NULL ] ]
[
    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
    { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
        [
            WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
          | WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
        ]
    | [ FOREIGN KEY ]
        REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ]
        [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE } ]
        [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION } ]
        [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
    | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
    [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name )
        | filegroup | "default" } ]
] 

<column_set_definition> ::=
column_set_name XML COLUMN_SET FOR ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS

< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{
    { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
                (column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] )
        [
            WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
           |WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
        ]
        [ ON { partition_scheme_name (partition_column_name)
            | filegroup | "default" } ]
    | FOREIGN KEY
                ( column [ ,...n ] )
        REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
        [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
        [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
        [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
    | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
}
<table_option> ::=
{
    DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
      [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> }
            [ , ...n ] ) ]
}

<index_option> ::=
{
    PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF }
  | FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
  | IGNORE_DUP_KEY = { ON | OFF }
  | STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF }
  | ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON | OFF}
  | ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS ={ ON | OFF}
  | DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
       [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> }
       [ , ...n ] ) ]
}
<range> ::=
<partition_number_expression> TO <partition_number_expression>